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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades are Fought
Crusades were fought between Christians and Muslims over control of the holy land. They were a series of military campaigns during the time of the Medieval England against the Muslims of the middle east. The cause for all of this was the emperor telling the christians to protect his empire from the Turks. In 1905, Pope Urban II called for a crusade against the Muslims to regain control of Jerusalem. -
Period: 1185 to
Era Of The Samurai
The samurai were the warriors of premodern Japan. They later made up the ruling military class that eventually became the highest ranking social caste of the Edo Period(1603-1867). Samurai employed a range of weapons such as bows and arrows, spears and guns, but their main weapon was the sword. Samurai were supposed to live their lives according to the way of the warrior. -
1337
100 Year War Begins
It was fought for two reasons first France was claimed by the Kings of England in 1337. Secondly England wanted independent possession of this land. The term Hundred Year War has been used to describe the long conflict between England and France. The French Kings had a big advantage over the England Kings, first they were a lot bigger and second they possessed the financial and military resources. -
1346
Black Death Begins In Europe
The black plague arrived in Europe by sea in October 1347. It started when 12 Genoese trading ships docked after a long journey through the black sea. Most of the sailors on board the trading ships were dead. Once they came into contact with the dead bodies they were overcome with fever, unable to keep down food and filled with pain. They were also covered in black boils that oozed blood and puss. -
1350
Renaissance Begins
One of the big changes during the renaissance was the way people thought about things. In the middle ages people thought life was supposed to be hard. They grew up thinking life was nothing but hard work and war. The idea of humanism was introduced to put the rest the old ways of thinking. This idea showed that people should be taught things like art, music, and science. -
May 30, 1431
Joan Of Arc Burned At The Stake
At Rouen in English controlled territory Joan of Arc the peasant girl who became the savior of France, is burned at the stake for heresy. Joan was born is 1412, the daughter of a tenant farmer of Domremy. She had visions which she was turned away for. She later came back and got granted a small army which helped the French win that day of the war. -
1436
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
First version printed was the bible. Johannes Gutenburg invented the printing press with replaceable/moveable wooden or metal letters in 1436. This type of printing lowered the cost of printed materials and made printed materials available for more people. A hand press, in which ink was rolled over a raised surface of movable handset block letters held within a wooden form and then the formed was pressed again against a sheet of paper. -
May 29, 1453
Fall Of Constantinople
The Fall Of Constantinople occurred on May 19, 1453, after a siege which began April 6. The Battle was part of Byzantine Ottoman Wars. Ascending to the Ottoman throne in 1451, Mehmed II began making changes to reduce the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. Though the seat of Byzantine power for over a millennium, the empire had badly eroded after the city's capture in 1204. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start Of The Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition, which begins under Ferdinand and Isabella, doesn't end until the 19th century. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 as a court for the detection of heretics. The first medieval inquisition, the episcopal inquisition, was established in the year 1184. A cause of the Spanish Inquisition was the post-crusade feelings against heretics. Its true purpose remains almost obscure. -
Period: 1492 to 1493
Columbian Exchange
The columbian exchange refers to a period of time in which Biological exchanges between the new and old worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology. Beginning after columbus' discovery in 1492 the exchange lasted throughout the years of expansion and discovery. This included a lot of advancements in agricultural production, and evolution in warfare. -
Aug 1, 1498
Christopher Columbus Lands In The New World
During four separate trips that started with the one in 1492, Columbus landed on various Caribbean islands that are now the Bahamas as well as the island later called Hispaniola. He never actually stepped foot on North America. On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain, with three small ships, the Santa María, the Pinta, and the Niña. On October 12, the expedition sighted land, probably San Salvador Island in the Bahamas, and went ashore the same day, claiming it for Spain. -
1507
Mona Lisa Completed
The Mona Lisa was completed later than previously thought. A copy of the Mona Lisa has recently been unveiled at a museum in Spain. Leonardo Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa sometime between 1503 and 1507. The painting origins have been draped in mystery. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine MacChapel
The Sistine Chapel is a large chapel in the Vatican City. It is known for its renaissance art, especially the ceiling which was painted by Michelangelo in 1508. It attracts more than 5 million visitors each year. The painting is 9 scenes of genesis. -
Period: Apr 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
King Henry is best known for his 8 marriages and the his first one that he wanted to have annulled. In his prime he was considered to be attractive, educated, and an accomplished king. He was an author and a composer. As he got older he got obese and his health suffered. He is frequently characterized in his later life as lustful, harsh and an insecure king. -
Aug 10, 1517
Martin Luther 95 Theses
Starts the Protestant Reformation. Outlines the problems with the church. His writings changed the way of religious and cultural history in the west. The 95 theses proposed two central beliefs, that the Bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation by their faith and not their deeds. -
1519
Cortez Conquers The Aztecs
Hernan Cortez was a Spanish conquistador, or conqueror, best remembered for conquering the Aztec empire. He also helped colonize Cuba and became a governor of New Spain. In Mexico, a huge battle erupted between the army of Cortes and the Aztec people under the rule of Montezuma. Between 1519 and 1521 the Spanish, under the leadership of conquistador Hernan Cortez, conquered the Aztec Empire. -
1532
"The Prince"
The Prince is a 16th century political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. It is an analysis on how to acquire and maintain political power. One of his goals in writing this was to win favor of the current governor. He wrote it intending on the governor reading it and being impressed. -
Period: 1545 to
Counter Reformation
Martin Luther stood up and took actions on what he knew was right, so many people were affected for every generation since. It also led to the development of many new dominations. It made a way for humanism as well. It brought the discovery of the New World which is what we live in today. It also brought about nationalism. -
1555
Peace Of Augsburg
The Peace Of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. The Peace of Augsburg caused religious wars to stop for at least a period. Peace of Augsburg, 1555, temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation. Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands. -
Spanish Armada
Off the coast of Gravelines, the "invincible armada" was defeated by an English naval force under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake. The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 has long been held as one of England's greatest military achievements, and a sign of the strength and spirit imparted to the country by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. When Elizabeth I executed the Catholic Mary Queen of Scots in 1587, Philip decided to invade England. -
Edict Of Nantes
The Edict Of Nantes granted freedom of worship and legal equality for Huguenots within limits, and ended the Wars of Religion. The Edict was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, causing many Huguenots to emigrate. The later Edict of Fontainebleau, which revoked the Edict of Nantes in October 1685, was promulgated by Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV. Signed by Henry IV of France at Nantes on April 13th, 1598, the edict put a temporary end to the religious wars between Roman Catholics and Protestants -
William Shakespears Death
The death of William Shakespeare is unknown but a lot of articles say that he drank too hard. William Shakespeare died in Stratford, on April 23, 1616, his 53rd birthday. William Shakespeares death is kind of a mystery in a way. There are a lot of theories but nobody was with him when he died. Therefore nobody knows exactly what happened. -
Petition Of Rights
The Petition of Right is a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing. The Petition of Right of 1628 is one of England's most famous Constitutional documents. As a precondition to granting any future taxes, in 1628 Parliament forced the King to assent to the Petition of Rights. The English Bill of Rights guaranteed certain rights of the citizens of England from the power of the crown. -
King Charles The First Executed
King Charles I was beheaded for treason on January 30, 1649. Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father. In the first year of his reign, Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta Maria, a Catholic French princess. -
Period: to
Opium War
The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid-19th century involving Chinese disputes over the British trade in China and China's sovereignty. The disputes included the first opium war and the second opium war. The wars between them weakened the Qing Dynasty and forced China to trade with the other parts of the world
