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Jamestown,Virginia
quizletColonized by John Smith. "He who will not work shall not eat".
Tobacco introduced by John Rolf saved the coloby from destruction and lead to the development of slavery. -
Slavery
First slaves brought to North America. (Jamestown) -
Pilgrims/Puritans
The Pilgrims and Puritans came to America on the Mayflower and created the Mayflower Comapact, the first constitution of the U.S. -
Bacon's Rebellion
William Berkeley, the governor of Virginia, favored large plantation owners and failed to protect farmers from Indian attacks.
Nathaniel Bacon, a farmer, led a rebellion against Berkeley and attacks on Indians. -
Slavery/Indentured Servants
The first time Black slaves outnumbered white servants among the plantation colonies.
Indentured servants- a poor person obligated to a fixed term of unpaid labor, often in exchange for a benefit such as transportation (from England to North America), protection, or training. -
Mercantilism
Mercantilism- a nation must export more than it imports. The English passed regulatory laws exclusively benefiting the British economy. These laws created a trade system whereby Americans provided raw goods to Britain, and Britain used the raw goods to produce manufactured goods that were sold in European markets and back to the colonies. -
Salutary Neglect.
quizletAs suppliers of raw goods only, the colonies could not compete with Britain in manufacturing.
Between 1651 and 1673, the English Parliament passed four Navigation Acts meant to ensure the proper mercantilist trade balance.
Ex. Certain goods, including tobacco, rice, and furs, could not be shipped to foreign nations except through England or Scotland. -
Great Awakening
Crash Course
Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies. -
Taxes
Crash CourseSugar Act
Stamp Act
Tea Act- Boston Tea Party, Coercive/Intolerable Acts- closed Boston Harbor, hurt merchants.
These acts angered the colonists, ultimately the Stamp Act was repealed because of the rebellion but was replaced with the Declaratory Act which stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases. -
Proclamation of 1783
Created to relieve tensions between Indians and colonists.
Prohibited colonists from moving West of the Appalachian Mountains.
Colonists ignored this and began to rebel against the British. -
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Declaration of Independence
Broke diplomatic ties between American colonies and England.
Some attendees wanted war, others did not. -
Articles of Confederation
Government could not tax = weak central government.
One house government. 9 out of 13 votes needed for a law to pass.
Shays' Rebellion- An armed group of poor rebel farmers led by Daniel Shay in response to crushing debt and taxes -
Land Ordinance of 1785/87
1785: Land Ordinance of 1785 land sold to pay off national debt.
1787: Criteria for becoming a state:
more than 60,000 people, come in with same rights as original states, no new slaves in territories, old slaves would not be freed. -
Consitution
Crash CourseThe Constitution establishes a government with direct authority over all citizens, it defines the powers of the national government, and it establishes protection for the rights of states and of every individual.
New Jersey Plan- small states.
Virginia Plan- large state plan.
Great Compromise is what we use today. -
Eli Whitney
Could be processed quickly and cheaply. Resulted in more cotton production and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields. Whitney also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged. -
Washington's Farewell Address
Stressed that we should stay away from permanent alliances with foreign countries; temporary alliances wouldn't be quite as dangerous, but they should be made only in "extraordinary emergencies". -
Alien and Sedition Acts
quizletSigned by President Adams. Alien acts were against immigrants, chiefly French and Irish immigrants. It was in respose to the XYZ affair. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, it made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the government. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts. -
Revolution of 1800
quizlet330. Revolution of 1800 Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." -
Marbury v Madison
The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789). -
Louisiana Purchase
- from Napoleon for $15 million, needed the money to fight Haitian revolt led by Toussaint L'Overture.
- gave the U.S. the Mississippi River and New Orleans for trade & shipping. -Jefferson used loose construction to justify the purchase.
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War of 1812
Crash Course
War between U.S. and Great Britain caused by the impressment of American sailors by the British and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans in the West.
Treaty of Ghent.
Andrew Jackson's Victory in New Orleans after the treaty. -
Hartford Convention
- New England merchants who opposed the Embargo and the War of 1812
- Pproposed Amendments to the Constitution and advocated the right of states to nullify federal laws.
- They also discussed the idea of seceding from the U.S.
- Demise of the Federalist Party
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American System/Clay-Whig Policies
Created by Henry Clay- created a protective tariff for American Markets, used the tariff to build for better transportation and created as strong banking system. This would eventually help America industrialize and become an economic power. -
Missouri Compromise
Admitted Missouri as a slave state and at the same time admitted Maine as a free state. Declared that all territory north of the 36°30" latitude would become free states, and all territory south of that latitude would become slave states. Repealed by Kansa-Nebraska Act. -
Monroe Doctrine
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. -
Lowell System
Paternalistic textile factory system that employed mainly young women [age 15-35] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits in ways different from other methods. -
Tariff of Abominations/Nullification Crisis
-raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods.
-protected the North but harmed the South who said it was unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.
Nullification Crisis- Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void. -
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William Lloyd Garrison
The most conspicious and most vilified of the abolitionists, published "The Liberator" in Boston, helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society; favored Northern secession and renounced politics -
Manifest Destiny
The 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent. It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico; the concept was denounced by Whigs, and fell into disuse after the mid-19th century. First used for the annexation of Texas issue. Opposed by Clay, Webster and Lincoln, but supported by Polk. -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
The treaty negotiated between Mexico and the United States during the Mexican War. The terms of this treaty confirmed the American title to Texas and yielded the enormous area stretching westward to Oregon and the Pacific Ocean ((this area was called the Mexican Cession, a territory that included the coveted California). -
Seneca Falls Convention
Site of the first modern women's right convention. At the gathering, Elizabeth Cady Stanton read a Declaration of Sentiment listing the many discriminations against women, and adopted eleven resolutions, one of which called for women's suffrage. -
Know-Nothing Party
A nativist American political movement of the 1840s and 1850s. It was empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants, who were often regarded as hostile to Anglo-Saxon Protestant values and controlled by the pope in Rome. Mainly active from 1854 to 1856, it strove to curb immigration and naturalization, though its efforts met with little success -
Compromise of 1850
North:
• California admitted as a free state
• Texas gave up its claims to lands disputed with New Mexico
• Slave trade in D.C. was banned, but slavery was legal
South:
• Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession lands
• Texas was paid $10 million for land lost
• A new, tougher Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 -
Kansas - Nebraska Act
quizletRepealed Missouri Compromise
Popular sovereignty
Bleeding Kansas, border ruffians
North/South split of Democratic Party -
Dredd Scott
A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen. Repealed the Missouri Compromise. -
John Brown
An abolitionist and priest who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Harper's Ferry in South Carolina with his sons but slaves did not turn up to help. Abolitionists saw him as a martyr, the South saw him as a terrorists. -
Election of 1860
Lincoln and Douglas debates.
Split of Democratic party allowed Lincoln to win. -
Civil War
Crash Course
Union: more people, supplies, railroads and money.
Confederacy: better generals, no foreign aid because slavery was already outlawed in Europe. -
Emancipation Proclamation
After victory of Antietam, Lincoln announces onall slaves in the rebelling states would be free, not the border states though. (Kentucky, West Virginia, Missouri, Delaware, Maryland)
