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Period: 330 to May 29, 1453
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine empire took its name from Byzantium- an early village that Constantine made a capital and named Constantinople. Constantinople was super dominant in trade. Justinian codified law for the empire. In Caesaropapism, the emporer was both a political and religious. It fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. -
Period: 500 to Dec 31, 1500
Postclassical Era
The Postclassical era was charactarized by expansion, statebuilding and conflict. Massive empires such as the Umayyad, Byzantine, and Mongols arose largely out of military conquest. During the Postclassical era, the Eastern Hemisphere experienced great readjustment. Many of the empires became connected with religions such as Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxism, and Islam. There were increases in the expansivness of trade and the productivity of agriculture, also spiking population growth. -
Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750
Umayyad dynasty
The Umayyads were the most prominent of the Meccan Merchant plans. They had a capital in Syria that allowed for good communication. They were major conquerors for dar al-Islam. They levied special taxes on those who did not convert to Islam. They fell after being more devoted to lavish living Han ruling and discontent conquered people's eventually overthrew the dynasty. -
Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1258
Abbasid Dynaty
Abu al-Abbas founded the dynasty. It was not a conquering dynasty, they were more focused on administration. Baghdad was the capital and it was protected by three round walls. Ulama and Qadis set moral standards and resolved disputes locally. The high point of hte dynasty was Harun al-Ashid's reign. Civil war between Harun's sons and peasant rebellions led to decline. -
Period: Jan 1, 751 to
Carolignian Empire
The Carolignian Empire was ruled by Charlemagne. It was connected to the Roman Catholic Church. Charles Martel turned back Muslims in the 732 battle of Tours. After Louis the Pious died, he divided the empire between his three sons and the empire quickly dissolved due to invasions, especially of the Vikings. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Jan 1, 1200
Kingdom of Ghana
Between Sengal and Niger rivers. Camels quickened communication and transportation across the Sahara. It became most important as the gold trade center and started the spread of Islam in Africa. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Jan 1, 1400
Swahili Cities
They were built by Bantu peoples, and by the 10th century, they had tons of trade and big cities with kings. -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Jan 1, 1400
Pacific Island Society
The central and western Pacific Islands were linked by mariners. There were no regular trade voyages in the Eastern pacific but long voyages spread things like sweet potatoes. Islanders built productive agricultural and fishing societies. Dense populations led to environmental problems and social strife. -
Period: Jan 1, 1100 to Jan 1, 1450
Great Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe means "dwelling of the chief", Kings in the Great Zimbabwe contolled and taxed the interior to costal trade in East Africa. Up to 18, 000 people in the vicinity of the stone complex, merchants brought Islam there. Zimbabwe is in Africa. -
Period: Jan 1, 1150 to Jan 1, 1500
Inca
The Inca is originally the title of the rulers in the valley of Cuzco. They built an empire from Kito to Santiago and had two large roads that linked the north and south. 11 million population-largest south American state. -
Period: Jan 1, 1206 to Jan 1, 1368
Mongol Empire
Chinggis Khan aka Temujin broke up tribes and made a central gogvernment and chose oficers based on talent and loyalty. They conquered most of Asia and divided their realm into four reigonal empires after Chinggis's death. Khuibilai Khan succeed Chinggis, and his rule was the height of the empire. -
Period: Jan 1, 1230 to Jan 1, 1480
Mali
The Lion Prince Sundiata founded Mali in Western Africa. Mali controlled and taxed all west African trade from the 13th to 15th centuries. The rulers honored Islam and encouraged its spread on a voluntary basis. Mansu Musa was the leader during its high point, he was the richest man in history and made a pilgrimage to Mecca. Mali was linked to north Africa by caravan routes. -
Period: Jan 1, 1336 to
Kingdom of Vijayanagar
Hari Hara and Bukka renounced Islam returned to Hinduism, and proclaimed the establishment of the empire, which meant "city of victory." They controlled southern India until 1565 when it fell into an alliance of southern kingdoms. -
Period: Jan 1, 1345 to Jan 1, 1520
The Mexica
Also known as the Aztecs, the Mexica had their capital on an island that became Tenochtitlan, they made productive farming plots called Chinampa made from lake muck. 7 crops per year. Ritual Bloodletting happened to sustain sun/earth's moisture. Things went bad when Spanish conquerers came, since they had no permanent army and were succeptible to disease. -
Period: to
Sui Dynasty
Yang Dian built a strong centralized government for the Sui Dynasty. The government dispatched military forces, had high taxes, and conscripted labor. The Sui are known for construction of the Grand Canal which integrated economies of Northern and southern China. When a minister assassinated Sui Yang Di, the empire was over. -
Period: to
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was started by rebel leader Chang'an. They organized China into a powerful, prosperous and productive society. Tang Taizong was ambitious and ruthless. Three major policies were great transportation and communication, equal field system land distribution, and bureaucracy based on merit. They expanded militarily and had great diplomacy. Later casual and careless leadership brought revolts and decline. -
Period: to Jan 1, 1279
Song Dynasty
Song Taizu had a reputation for honesty and effectiveness. Song rulers mistrusted the military and placed emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and the arts. The dynasty had a big financial or ken because of too many bureaucrats and also had a weak military so Mongol forces ended the dynasty. -
Period: to Jan 1, 1267
Chola
They dominated maritime trade from the south China sea to the Arabian sea, and conquered Ceylon and parts of southeast Asia. In the 12th century, revolts and Native Sinhalese forces expelling local rulers caused the decline of the kingdom. -
Period: to Jan 1, 1111
Holy Roman Empire
Otto of Saxony was the king of Northern Germany, expanded his empire and was proclaimed emperor by Pope John the 12th. The emperors had conflict with the papacy and did not build strong dynamic states, Voltaire who was a French writer said it was neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire.