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Module 1: History of Special Education and Inclusive Education

By adelg157

  • The Council for Exceptional Children

    The Council for Exceptional Children
    This was founded in 1922 and is the largest international group representing students with exceptionalities. They still offer support and resources to family members and teachers of students with exceptionalities. They are dedicated to improving and represting these students.

  • The Bradley Hospital Opened

    The Bradley Hospital Opened
    The Bradley Home was opened in Rhode Island, in 1931 and was America’s first neuropsychiatric hospital for children. Named after the Bradley’s only child Emma who had encephalitis, which left her with multiple disabilities. This inspired the Bradley’s to instruct that their home be turned into a psychiatric facility for children, so that other families do not have to go through the hardship they did to find a facility. This home served and prioritized poor families.

  • PARC v. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

    PARC v. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
    This class action lawsuit that established the right to public education for all children with disabilities. This decision declared individuals in state institutions have the right to free and appropriate treatment within those institutions.
    [https://study.com/academy/lesson/parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania-in-1972-summary-significance.html]

  • Mills v. Board of Education of D.C

    Mills v. Board of Education of D.C
    Considered a leading case, this expanded the strides made by the PARC case beyond children with developmental disabilities. Seven school-age children had been denied placement in a public educational programs because of alleged mental, behavioral, physical or emotional disabilities. It was argued that schools did not have the financial means to meet the needs of these students, but it was ruled that no child can be denied access to a public education because of any handicaps.

  • Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) (PL 94-142 Part B)

    Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) (PL 94-142 Part B)
    More commonly known as the Mainstreaming Law, this ruled that states are required to provide a free and appropriate public educational one free meal a day for children with disabilities from ages 5 to 18. Ruled for individualized education programs, and first defined least restrictive environment.

  • PL 99-457

    PL 99-457
    Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
    These amendments to the EHAA requires states to extend free and appropriate education to children with disabilities ages 3-5, and established early intervention programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities from birth to two years of age.

  • Timothy v. Rochester School District

    Timothy v. Rochester School District
    The U.S. appeals court upheld P.L. 94-142, which requires that all children with disabilities be provided with a free, appropriate, public education, unconditionally and without exception. The three-judge appeals court overturned the decision of a district court judge, who had ruled that the local school district wasn't obligated to educate a 13 year old boy with multiple and severe disabilities because they thought could not benefit from special education.

  • ADA: PL 101-336

    ADA: PL 101-336
    Americans with Disabilities Act
    Prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in the private sector and extended protection of equal opportunity to employment and public services, accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications for those with disabilities, and defined disabilities to people who have AIDS.
    https://sites.ed.gov/idea/

  • 526 U.S. 66

    526 U.S. 66
    Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F.
    US Supreme Court ruled that a local school district must pay for one-on-one nursing care for medically fragile student who required continuous monitoring of his ventilator and other health-maintenance routines. Schools must provide all health services needed for students with disabilities to attend school as long as performance of those services do not require a licensed physician.

  • Video on IDEA

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66g6TbJbs2g

  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) (PL 108-446)

    Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) (PL 108-446)
    Allows districts to use a (RTI) model for determining whether a child has a SLD,and doesn't require that a child have a severe discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability to qualify for special education.This also increased federal funds to provide early intervention services to students who do not need special education or related services,adopted policies designed to prevent the disproportionate representation of culturally and linguistically diverse students in special education.