Middle ages

Fall of Western Roman Empire

467

The fall of Rome was abdication of Romulus Augustus < nder the pressure of Odoacer. Also unofficially with the death of Julius Nepos.

Middle Ages

Period: 467 to Oct 11, 1348

Duke Willam II of Normandy, Battle of Hastings

Oct 14, 1066

French Duke, William II of Normandy, had launched an attack on England and on it's King, Harold II. King Harold had been told beforehand by his scouts of William's army and had prepared an army. On October 14, 1066, William attacked with chevailers, men who fought on horseback, composed of knights and sergeants, accompanied by arrowsmen to protect them. While King Harold's army fought on foot. King Harold was killed by an arrow through his eye. William crowned new king on Christmas day.

The First Crusade

Nov 27, 1095

Launched on 27 November 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to an appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, asking for volunteers against Seljuq Turks from Anatolia. Though later became a quest to regain the holy land and to capture the holy city of Jerusalem. Also to free Eastern Christians from Islamic rule. In July, 1099 Christian knights captured Jerusalem. First Crusade (1096-1099)

The Second Crusade

Oct 11, 1145

Which was launched (1145-1149) because of the fall of the County of Edessa (founded by Baldwin of Boulogne in 1098, and first crusader state founded/to fall.) by the forces of Zengi, founder of the Zengid dynasty and born 1085 – 14 September 1146. Pope Eugene III, announced Second Crusade and it was led by kings named Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, They went separate ways and defeated separately. Lost Jerusalem and led to third crusade. Only succes, capture of Lisbion.

The Third Crusade (no day or month)

Oct 11, 1189

Known as the King's crusade, main purpose was to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin, first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. With death of Henry II of England, Richard the lion-hearted, his son, took control and Saladin could not win a single military engagement. On September 2, 1192, Richard finalized a treaty with Saladin by which Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, but allowed unarmed Christian pilgrims and merchants to visit the city.

The Fourth Crusade (no day or month)

Oct 11, 1202

This crusade was meant to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead in April 1204, Crusaders of Western Europe took control of Constantinople, the christian city and capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. It was seen as one of the final acts in the Great Schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church. With this the crusaders created the Latin Empire (1204-1261). With other states from Byzantine land conquered.

King John and the Magna (no day or month)

Jun 15, 1215

King John, brother of Richard the Lion- hearted, youngest and favorite son of Henry II king of England, had grown up to be selfish and arrogant, making Richard (no sons) choose his newphew, Arthur to become king. Arthur believed to be murdered by John. John becomes king, raises taxiation and royal powers. The barons rebelled against John. Demanding liberties and a trial by jury. They also said that the king himself was not above the law. John forced to sign Magna Carta at Rummeymede.

Fall of Acre

Apr 4, 1291

Also known as the Siege of Acre, the loss of the crusader controlled city of Acre to the muslims. With it, Crusaders lost their last major stronghold of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Still did some raids though, and coastal invasions. But when they lost the northern city of Tartus, in the Siege of Ruad (1302), the Crusaders no longer controlled any of the Holy Land.

The spread of the Black Plauge

Mar 11, 1348

Around spring time, the black death arrived on the shores of Italy, on the vermin,rats. Techniqually their fleas. This plague swept England and Europe, killing around 25- 50% of the population. In other words, one out every five people would die. This pandemic reduced the World's population from 450 million to 350-375 million in the 14 century. Though mysteriously the plague left Europe in the 19 century.

The Benedictine Abbey of Monte Cassino(no day or month)

Mar 2, 2022

Saint Benedict of Nursia (480-547), a christian honored by many churches, who helped establish communities and rules for monks of religions.Benedict had a made an abbey, called the Benedictine Abbey of Monte Cassino, at 1700 feet above sea level. Which he found in 529 C.E.. The abbey had been overtaken by horde and the lombards, and also burned to the ground. Also destroyed by earthquake in 1349. But rebuild and in 1866 named a national monument. Lastly, destroyed on four different occasions.

Charlemagne- Emporer of the Holy Roman Empire

Mar 2, 2022

Charlemagne (742- 814), who was king of the Franks in France( 768- 800) and defeated the invading moors, was crowned Emporer of the new Holy Roman Empire on December 25, 800. He was crowned by Pope Leo III. During his reign he conquered Italy and much of Western and Eastern Europe. He had 20 children with 8 of his 10 wives or concubines. But sadly Charlemagne died on January 28, 814.