-
Period: to
Decolonization process
-
Tsar detonated
The strongest nuclear bomb ever created, with the yield of 200 megatons of TNT. -
Silent spring is published
-
NUCLEAR - Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage
-
NUCLEAR - Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
In 1962, there was 140 nuclear explosions around the world.
In 1963, only 50 explosions, no more than 90 between 1968 and 1970, and under 60 since 1973. -
First Chinese nuclear test
Successful detonation of the Project 956 nuclear warhead -
Torrey Canyon oil spill
-
OIL - International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage
- CIVIL LIABILITY -
OIL - International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties
-
OIL - International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage
- replaced by another convention of the same name in 1992
-
MARINE POLLUTION - Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft
-
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
-
MARINE POLLUTION - Convention On The Prevention Of Marine Pollution By Dumping Of Wastes And Other Matter
-
MARINE POLLUTION - International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
- reduction of pollution from ships (mostly oil and sewage)
- did not come into force until 1983
-
UNEP calls for action on POPs
-
Period: to
Over 1,5 milion tons of oil spilled
Between 1979 and 1989, more than 1,5 million tons of oil was spilled during mining or transportation accidents. -
Atlantic Empress oil spill
-
AIR - Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP)
Only (now) EU, former Soviet Union, USA, Canada -
MARINE POLLUTION - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
-
Nowruz Field Platform oil spill
260,000 tons of oil spilled -
Castillo de Bellver oil spill
252,000 tons of oil spilled -
The Antarctic Ozone Hole discovered
-
AIR - Protocol on Long-Term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP)
Protocol to CLRTAP -
AIR - Helsinki Protocol on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
Protocol to CLRTAP -
CLIMATE CHANGE - Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
- does not include legally binding reduction goals
- followed by the Montreal protocol in 1987 (binding targets)
-
Chernobyl disaster
Outcomes:
- uninhabitable area
- radiation exposure and related illnesses (eg. cancer)
- genetic disorders (long-term, up to several generations) -
NUCLEAR - Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
-
NUCLEAR - Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
-
Our common future (Brundtland Report) is published
-
CLIMATE CHANGE - Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
-
AIR - Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes
Protocol to CLRTAP -
OIL - International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation
-
AIR - Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes
Protocol to CLRTAP -
OIL - International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage
-
POLLUTION - Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents
- to prevent, to respond, to mitigate
- stresses inter-state cooperation
-
WATER - Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes
-
Earth Summit
-
CLIMATE CHANGE - United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change
The most important international environmental treaty of all times -
UNFCCC signed
-
Agenda 21 is published
-
OIL - International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage
- designed to be a protocol to replace previous convention of the same name from 1971
-
AIR - Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
Protocol to CLRTAP -
The rise of local initiatives
-
NUCLEAR - Convention on Nuclear Safety
-
MARINE POLLUTION - Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972
-
NUCLEAR - Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
-
OIL - International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea
- to compensate for damages caused by hazardous and noxious substances during maritime transportation
- NOT YET IN FORCE
-
CLIMATE CHANGE - Kyoto protocol
Effective from 2005 (without participation of USA) -
AIR - CLRTAP Protocol on Heavy Metals
Protocol to CLRTAP -
AIR - Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Protocol to CLRTAP -
POLLUTION - Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone
-
OIL - Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances
-
POLLUTION - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
-
MARINE POLLUTION - International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems in Ships
-
AIR - ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
-
CLIMATE CHANGE - Bali action plan
-
CLIMATE CHANGE - Copenhagen accords
- NON-binding
-
CLIMATE CHANGE - Cancun agreements
- step forward, but just a small step
-
CLIMATE CHANGE - Durban platform
- binding results
-
POLLUTION - Protocol on Civil Liability for Damage and Compensation for Damage Caused by Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents on Transboundary Waters
-
POLLUTION - Minamata Convention on Mercury
- 52 party states
-
CLIMATE CHANGE - Paris agreement
- follow up to the UNFCCC
