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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand precipitates the start of the massive armed conflict in Europe now known as the First World War. -
The Armenian Genocide
Ottoman authorities arrest 240 Armenian leaders in Constantinople and deport them east. -
Battle of the Somme
This day saw the heaviest loss of life in a single day during World War I. -
Treaty of Versailles Presented to German Delegation
The "War Guilt Clause" of the Versailles Treaty forces Germany to accept responsibility for initiating World War I. -
Adolf Hitler Issues Comment on the “Jewish Question”
Hitler issues his first written comment on the so-called Jewish Question. -
Nazi Party Platform
Adolf Hitler presents a 25-point plan at a Nazi Party meeting. -
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler and the Nazi Party attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic -
Anne Frank Born
Annelies Marie Frank, born on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany, has become a symbol for the lost promise of the children who died in the Holocaust -
Bela Weichherz Diary Entry
A proud young father pastes two photos into his extensive family journals. -
Hitler Campaign Speech
Nazi supporters at a campaign rally in Waldenburg, Germany. In a speech, Hitler attacks the Weimar Republic and pledges to dissolve the parliamentary system. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt Elected President of the United States NOVEMBER 8, 1932
Roosevelt wins the most votes in the American presidential elections. -
Adolf Hitler Appointed Chancellor
The Nazi Party assumes control of the German state. -
Reichstag Fire Decree
President Hindenburg suspends constitutional protections in Germany. -
Establishment of Dachau Camp
The SS establishes the Dachau concentration camp in March 1933 -
Anti-Jewish Boycott
Members of the Nazi Party and its affiliated organizations organize a nationwide boycott of Jewish-owned businesses in Germany. -
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
German law excludes Jews and other political opponents from civil service positions. -
Law Limits Jews in Public Schools
The Law against Overcrowding in Schools and Universities limits the number of Jewish students in public schools. -
Nuremberg Race Laws
The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 herald a new wave of antisemitic legislation that brings immediate and concrete segregation -
Buchenwald Concentration Camp Opens
Buchenwald becomes one of the largest concentration camps established within the old German borders of 1937 -
Reichstag Speech
Hitler declares that the outbreak of war would mean the end of European Jewry -
St. Louis Sets Sail
The St. Louis, carrying Jews fleeing from Nazi Germany, departs for Havana, Cuba -
Auschwitz Camp Established
SS authorities establish the largest concentration camp complex of the Nazi regime. -
Jewish Badge
All Jews over six years of age in the Reich, Alsace, Bohemia-Moravia and the German–annexed territory of western Poland (called the Warthegau) are ordered to wear an identifying badge. -
Killing Operations Begin at Chelmno
Chelmo was first stationary facility where poison gas was used for mass murder -
German Forces Launch Offensive
German forces attack the Soviet Union in the south towards the city of Stalingrad. -
Deportation of Dutch Jews
German authorities begin the deportation of Dutch Jews from camps in the Netherlands -
Death Penalty for Aiding Jews
German poster, issued during mass deportations to Treblinka, announcing death penalty for aiding Jews who fled the Warsaw ghetto -
Sobibor Uprising
Jewish prisoners at the Sobibor killing center begin an armed revolt. Selma Wijnberg and Chaim Engel escape and flee into hiding. -
D-Day
Under the code name Operation “Overlord,” US, British, and Canadian troops land on the beaches of Normandy, France -
Attempt to Assassinate Hitler
German military officers attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler in his East Prussian headquarters at Rastenburg -
Last Gassing at Hartheim
At Hartheim, German authorities carry out the last gassing of inmates -
Hitler Commits Suicide
Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his bunker in Berlin -
Nuremberg Trial Verdicts
Verdicts delivered for major Nazi German leaders tried by the IMT.
