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THE SAAR
After the end of World War I, the Saar territory was separated from Germany and administered by the League of Nations. During this time, France was given control of the Saar's coal mines. After 15 years of League of Nations administration, a referendum was scheduled to take place in the territory.Following the referendum,the Saar once again became part of Germany on 1 March 1935, with Josef Bürckel as Reichskommissar. -
The Saar
The Saarland, was a region of Germany occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France from 1920 to 1935 under a League of Nations mandate.On 17 January 1935, the territory's reunion with Germany was approved by the League Council. On 1 March, Germany re-integrated the region into the German Reich. -
Remilitarization of the Rhineland
The remilitarization of the Rhineland by the German Army took place on 7 March 1936 when German military forces entered the Rhineland. This was significant because it violated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties, marking the first time since the end of World War I that German troops had been in this region. -
Remilitarization of the Rhineland
The remilitarization was hugely important as it changed the balance of power in Europe from France towards Germany, and made it possible for Germany to pursue a policy of aggression in Eastern Europe that the demilitarized status of the Rhineland had blocked until then.In the aftermath of the remilitarization, the economic crisis which had so damaged the National Socialist regime's popularity was forgotten by almost all. -
German involvement in Spanish Civil War
German involvement in the Spanish Civil War commenced with the outbreak of war in July 1936, with Adolf Hitler immediately sending in powerful air and armored units to assist General Francisco Franco and his Nationalist forces.Nazi support for General Franco was motivated by several factors, including as a distraction from Hitler's central European strategy, and the creation of a Fascist Spain friendly to Germany to threaten France. It further provided a chance to train men and test equipment. -
German involvement in the Spanish Civil War
In the years following the Spanish Civil War, Hitler gave several possible motives for German involvement. Among these were the distraction it provided from German re-militarisation; the prevention of the spread of communism to Western Europe; the creation of a state friendly to Germany to disrupt Britain and France; and the possibilities for economic expansion. -
Appeasement
As the League of Nations crumbled, politicians turned to a new way to keep the peace - appeasement. This was the policy of giving Hitler what he wanted to stop him from going to war. It was based on the idea that what Hitler wanted was reasonable and, when his reasonable demands had been satisfied, he would stop. -
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Appeasement
Appeasement in a political context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an enemy power in order to avoid conflict.In 1937 Stanley Baldwin resigned as Prime Minister and Neville Chamberlain took over. Chamberlain pursued a policy of appeasement and rearmament.Chamberlain's reputation for appeasement rests in large measure on his negotiations with Hitler over Czechoslovakia in 1938. -
Anschluss
By the end of World War I, Austria had been excluded from internal German affairs for more than fifty years.The Anschluss was among the first major steps of Adolf Hitler's creation of a Greater German Reich which was to include all ethnic Germans and all the lands and territories which the German Empire had lost after the First World War.German troops occupy Austria, which has a 200,000-strong Jewish population mostly in the capital city Vienna. -
Anschluss
Demands for the union of Austria and Germany increased after Adolf Hitler became German Chancellor. In February, 1938, Hitler invited Kurt von Schuschnigg, the Austrian Chancellor, to meet him at Berchtesgarden. Hitler demanded concessions for the Austrian Nazi Party. Schuschnigg refused and after resigning was replaced by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, the leader of the Austrian Nazi Party. On 13th March, Seyss-Inquart invited the German Army to occupy Austria and proclaimed union with Germany -
Crisis in Czech
Following the Anschluss of Austria to Nazi Germany, in March 1938, the conquest of Czechoslovakia became Hitler's next ambition. The incorporation of the Sudetenland into Nazi Germany left the rest of Czechoslovakia weak and it became powerless to resist subsequent occupation. On 16 March 1939, the German Wehrmacht moved into the remainder of Czechoslovakia and, from Prague Castle, Hitler proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. -
Crisis in Czech
Czech was a major manufacturer of machine guns, tanks, and artillery, most of which were assembled in the Škoda factory and had a modern army of 35 divisions. Many of these factories continued to produce Czech designs until factories were converted for German designs. Czech also had other major manufacturing companies. Entire steel and chemical factories were moved from Czechoslovakia and reassembled in Linz, Austria which incidentally remains a heavily industrialized sector of the country. -
which factor was the most important element of Hitler’s foreignpolicy leading to the collapse of peace in 1939?’
The most important element that leading to the collapse of pease in 1939 was Appeasement, it gave so much that Hitler wanted, and it made Hitler stronger and stronger. The appeasement was the worst decision that Chamberlain made and it destroyed the pease that created after WW1, so in my opnion, Appeasement was the most important element -
Crisis over Poland
The invasion was referred to by Germany as the 1939 Defensive War since Hitler proclaimed that Poland had attacked Germany and that "Germans in Poland are persecuted with a bloody terror and are driven from their homes. The series of border violations, which are unbearable to a great power, prove that the Poles no longer are willing to respect the German frontier." -
Crisis over Poland
Following several German-staged incidents (like the Gleiwitz incident, a part of Operation Himmler), which German propaganda used as a pretext to claim that German forces were acting in self-defence, the first regular act of war took place on 1 September 1939, at 04:40, when the Luftwaffe attacked the Polish town of Wieluń, destroying 75% of the city and killing close to 1,200 people, most of them civilians. This invasion subsequently began World War II. -
Appeasement
Chamberlain made the Munich Agreement with Hitler to prevent war, but, in the year after September 1938, there were six factors pressurising him to abandon his policy of appeasement: Kristallnacht, Czechoslovakia, Pact of Steel, Churchill's speeches, Oxford by-election, lack of trust.
