History of Special Education in the United States

By mari0305

  • PARC vs Common Wealth

    PARC vs Common Wealth
    Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was based on fourteen families that were discriminated against for their children with disabilities. This case challenged the state of Pennsylvania in allowing intellectually disabled children to access public school. This case also influenced the All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.
    https://pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania/

  • Mills Vs SBOE

    Mills Vs SBOE
    Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia was done on behalf of children who were discriminated against from receiving educational services that would address their needs. Similar to the PARC case, this also influenced the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. The court ruled that all children should be accepted and insufficient funds are no excuse.
    https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/mills-v-board-education-district-columbia-1972

  • FERPA

    FERPA
    The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act protects student education records. This act provides parents and students control of their education records and protects their records from being disclosed to others without their permission. https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/ferpa.html

  • EAHCA

    EAHCA
    Education for All Handicapped Children Act is a law that guarantees education and equal education opportunities for children with disabilities. Mandating schools to provide special accommodation for students who may need it. It was later renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.educational-rights-for-children-with-disabilities.ue4929

  • Section 504, Rehab Act 1973

    Section 504, Rehab Act 1973
    Section 504 prohibits discrimination in programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance. Meaning anyone with a disability has the right to attend any federal program. This included medical treatment, financial aid or benefits, child welfare programs and activities, etc. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/centers-offices/civil-rights-center/statutes/section-504-rehabilitation-act-of-1973

  • ADA

    ADA
    The Americans with Disabilities Act is a federal civil rights law that forbids discrimination against people with disabilities. It applies to employment, state and local government services, public transportation, public areas, business locations, and telecommunication. Ensuring people with disabilities have the same opportunities as anyone else.
    https://youtu.be/5aiFVhXSvgc?si=3anZYwStMb8VybQL

  • 1990 IDEA

    1990 IDEA
    Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 is based on the law of Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. It was renamed in 1990 as IDEA. This act allows children who need special education access to education. New disability categories were added to this act for example autism and traumatic brain injury. Also, including IEP (individualized education program) and ITP ( individual transition plan.) https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline

  • Intro of UDL

    Intro of UDL
    Universal Design for Learning is an educational practice based on science. UDL reduces barriers and is an inclusive way that supports the needs of all learners. UDL is more of a guideline that can provide the tools regardless of a learning disability. https://youtu.be/MRZWjCaXtQo?si=hYHKvSqx8xU_gRct

  • NCLB

    NCLB
    No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is a federal law that improved public schools. This law helped focus on the progress of children with disabilities. This law helped in providing more inclusion and opportunities. Also, hold schools accountable for how kids learn and achieve. https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1

  • 2004 amendment IDEA

    2004 amendment IDEA
    The amendment of the 2004 IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) is designed for all students with or without a disability. Students have access to teachers with higher standards and teaching qualifications. Parents are allowed to be more involved as well as get information that is needed from the school and school resources.  
    https://www.congress.gov/bill/108th-congress/house-bill/1350