-
The first bilingual-bicultural education program
In Dade County, Florida in 1963, the first bilingual education program was introduced. After Castro's Revolution in 1959, many Cuban refugees came to Florida. To accommodate many of these families' spanish speaking children a bilingual program was developed. However, this wasn't a language program for students to learn how to speak English and Spanish, it was a bicultural education program to teach the curriculum instruction in both languages, whichever came first for the child attending. -
Emergency Immigrant Education Program
This was an education program established during Jimmy Carter's presidency that provided additional educational services to eligible state and local education agencies, and balanced costs for schools where immigrant children were enrolled. This program helped immigrant children integrate into schools and succeed but it wasn't too beneficial in the long run for multicultural education because many of the schools had a difficult time hiring bilingual educators that could teach the ESL students. -
Multicultural Education: Transformative Knowledge and Action by James Banks
In his book, James Banks discusses and explores the historical roots of multicultural education, as well as its transformative knowledge, historical development, and its links to transformative teaching. This book was a great contribution to the community dedicated in integrating multiculturalism in classrooms and curriculum. It was also, and still might be today, a detailed and informative contribution to some people that may not have understood multiculturalism and its importance. -
International Association for K-12 Online Learning (iNACOL)
This nonprofit organization was established to enhance transformative learning and prepare for the transformation to advanced learning in K-12 students through online learning, blended learning, competency education, and personalized education. This organization has the potential to augment multicultural education because it allows for various students from various cultures and backgrounds to learn together through the an online format. -
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
Crystal D. Meredith sued Jefferson County Public Schools (JCPS) because they had implemented a controversial enrollment plan. The county's goal was to maintain racial integration. However, under the plan, JCPS only allowed between 15-50% of each school's population to be black students. The court ruled in favor of JCPS for trying to maintain racial integration. This court case enhances multicultural education by merging races together by allowing a minimum of 15% of students to be black. -
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
This is an act that was signed by President Obama. It offered help to those in need who suffered during he hard recession. Under this act, education opportunities are to expand, which affects multicultural education because students and teachers who might not be ale to find a job or might not have the supplies needed for a good education, can now have a better shot at receiving said job or supplies. -
Sylvia Mendez Receives Presidential Medal of Freedom
When Sylvia Mendez was a little girl who parents sued the Westminster School District of California because Sylvia's and her brother's skin and last name were too dark and Mexican to be enrolled in a "white" school. Sylvia's parents eventually won the case and in doing so, the judge overturned a law that said segregation was okay. This event signifies the progress made by Mendez's parents in integrating Mexican, and other races, into mostly white schools, which hugely impacts multiculturalism. -
Chicago Board of Education Closes 50 Schools
The closing of 50 schools in Chicago was the largest closure in U.S. history. The Chicago Teacher's Union stated that closing these schools is a decision that would affect African-American students, as well as, many of the kids will then be exposed to gang violence and turf wars if the schools were to close. This affects multicultural education because closing schools that have a student population in living situations that need education and authority gives them less opportunities in life. -
Brown v. Board of Education 60th Anniversary
It has been 60 years since the decision of Brown v. Board of Education was made, however, looking at statistics, segregation is worse than before the infamous court case decision. Studies show there are more Latinos and African-Americans being segregated, while white student population is down 30%. This negatively affects multicultural education because students should not be segregated based on race and poverty, they should not be segregated at all when it comes to education. -
Trump Administration Overturns Obama's Transgender Bathroom Directive
After progress was being made in 2016 for allowing transgender youth to use bathrooms based on their gender identity, President Trump and his administration revoked federal guidelines that allowed and protected these student's rights on choosing which bathroom they preferred to use. This affects multiculturalism because it is a huge step backward for the LGBT community, especially LGBT youth in schools.
