History of Architecture

Stonehenge

3100 BCE

During this period of history the passage of bands of nomads occurred.

Egyptian Pyramids

2686 BCE

Large tombs that the pharaohs asked to build to enjoy eternal life after their death.
Giza Pyramids:
-Cheops
-Khafre
-Menkaure

Zigurat

2100 BCE

Temple of ancient Mesopotamia that has the shape of a stepped pyramid.
Example: Babel Tower.

Ramesseum

1290 BCE

Funerary temple ordered to be erected by Ramses II.
Egypt

Dark Age

Period: 1200 BCE to 1100 BCE

Collapse of the Mycenaean world (Greece).
The roman culture was starting.

Greek Architecture

900 BCE

Capitals: Ionic, Doric and Corinthian.

Founding of Rome

753 BCE

According to Roman tradition, the twin brothers Romulus and Remus founded the city of Rome.

Etruscan Arch

753 BCE

The Romans began using arches in architecture.

Roman Capitals

753 BCE

-Tuscan: Simpler than the Doric Capital.
-Compound: A mix between the Corinthian and Ionic.

Petra

600 BCE

City of Jordan, carved in stone. (VI a.C)

Persian Empire

Period: 550 BCE to 330 BCE

Defeated by Alexander the Great.

Fall of Babylon

539 BCE

Conquered by the Persians.

Classical Period

Period: 480 BCE to 323 BCE

Examples of classical architecture:
-Greece: Parthenon.
-Rome: Greek inspired temples.

Parthenon

438 BCE

Temple in Athens, Greece.

Wars of the Diadochos

Period: 323 BCE to 275 BCE

They have no ruler after the death of Alexander the Great.

Hellenistic Period

Period: 323 BCE to 31 BCE

Period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. and the birth of the Roman Empire in the year 31 BC.

Pharos of Alexandria

247 BCE

A massive lighthouse was commissioned to guide ships to Alexandria and provide a permanent reminder of its power and greatness.

Library of Alexandria

246 BCE

One of the largest centers for the dissemination of knowledge in Antiquity.

Rosetta Stone

196 BCE

First dictionary (Egypt).
Discovered in 1799

Phoenicians

100 BCE

They founded colonies throughout the Mediterranean.

Vitruvius

100 BCE

Architect, writer and engineer.
First roman architect who record information of his work.

Aqua Marcia

100 BCE

Aqueduct

Temple of Jupiter

70 BCE

It was the most important temple in Ancient Rome.

Roman Empire

27 BCE

Start of the empire.

Aqua Virgo

9 BCE

Built by Agrippa to bring water to the Mathew Field Baths.

Late Roman Empire

Period: 54 to 138

Pompeii Explosion

79

Flavian Amphitheater

80

-Roman Coliseum.

Basilica of Ilpia

Period: 82 to 112

Ancient Roman civic building located in Trajan's Forum.

Trajan's Forum

112

Forum work of the Roman emperor Trajan

Reconstruction of the Pantheon

118

Castello San Angelo

135

Rome

Caracalla Baths

212

A place to bathe, practice sports and take care of one's health, but also a place of study and rest.

Nova Basilica

216

Started by the Roman emperor Maxentius at the beginning of the 4th century and completed by Constantine I, conqueror of Maxentius.

Aurelian Walls

226

Military construction of a defensive nature built in the city of Rome by the Emperor Aurelian.

Dioclesian Baths

284

Arch of Constantine

312

Commemorates Constantine's victory.

Edict of Milan

313

It marked a new status in the relations between the Christian religion and the State.

Basilica of Constantinople

315

Completion of the Basilica of Constantinople.

Battle of Chrysopolis

324

Armed confrontation between the two Roman co-emperors Constantine I and Licinius.

Basilica of John Lateran

324

It is the cathedral of the diocese of Rome, where the episcopal see of the bishop of Rome is located, and it's similar to St. Peters

Hagia Irene

324

Also known as the church of the Holy Peace.
It was rebuilt by a later byzantine emperor.

Old Saint Peter's Basilica

326

Pulled down to make the actual cathedral.

Church of the holy apostles

330

They designed a cross-shaped plan, because they needed more space.

Church of holy sepulchre

335

Combines the basic church plans similar to old St. Peter 's and Sata Constanza in Rome.
Constantine ordered its demolition to construct this Church.

Church of St. Paolo Outside the walls

380

Founded in 380 A.D. and destroyed in 1823.
Rebuilt by Luigi Poletti. (Roman-early christian arq).

Barbarian Invasions

386

Migrations, which altered the distribution of peoples in Europe and precipitated the end of the Western Roman Empire.

Fall of the Roman Empire

473

Caused by political instability.

Church of San Vitale

526

One of the most important for the Byzantine period, because of the stained glass.

Hagia Sophia

535

Most important building for christianity in the 6th century. The dome made it the most complex building; it hac 40 ribs and 40 windows at its base, and it collapsed 30 years after it was built.
Circular dome on a square base.

Santiago de Compostela Cathedral

1075

Predominale romanesque style despite a Baroque facade.
Each facade has a specific name.

Clunny Abbey

1088

Latin cross with 2 transepts.
5 naves and 6 bell towers.

Pistoia Cathedral, Tuscany Italy.

1108

Constructed under the influence of the School of Pisa.
Romanesque architecture that incorporates additional stylistic elements, from the later periods such as Gothic and Renaissance.

Basilica Church of Saint Demis

1114

It has flying buttress.

Saint Trophime Cathedral

1152

Rounded arches, and nave covered by heavy barrel vault. (Romanesque).

Baptisery, Pisa

1152

Designer: Diotisalvi
Exterior features: Encircled by semi-columns. Connected by semicircular arches, including one that frames the entrance.
Upper Section: Features an open arcade of isolated columns.
Arcade topped with 14th century Gothic additions.
Roof: Crowned by hemispherical roof.
Romanesque.

Campanile, Pisa

1173

Circular Tower of 16 in diameter, 8 levels or arcades. (Romanesque).

Chartres Cathedral

1194

Renewed for stained glass windows. (Gothic).

Cloister of Saint John Lateran.

1215

Romanesque architecture