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I.R Inventions
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Automobile History
There were several body styles:
-Touring car
-Roadstar
-Roadstar pickup
-Ton Truck
-Closed tab ton truck
-Coupé
-2 door
-4 door
-center door
-station wagon
-convertible -
Period: to
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were British.By the mid-18th century Britain controlled a global trading empire with colonies in North America and Africa. It brought changes such as (1) the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools; (2) the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles of human beings and of animals; and (3) the adoption of the factory system.
artists: Edmund Cartwright,Joseph Locke -
Poor quality of designs
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ITALIAN DESIGN
Main works: smiths, glass craftsmen, cabinet makers, carvers, potters took nature as an example for buildings, furniture, pots, glasses and lamps decoration.
The movement that more influenced the idea was Futurism.
The Italy industrial development was during the first world war with new inventions in cars, planes and general mechanical industry.
A new group of young people which looked at the European rationalist movement (called Italian rationalism) whose centre of interest was architecture. -
Period: to
John Ruskin
He was an english critic of art, architecture, and society who was a painter, a distinctive prose stylist, and an important example of the Victorian Sage.
In 1843 Ruskin published the first volume of Modern Painters.His first purpose was to insist on the “truth” of the depiction of Nature in Turner’s landscape paintings. Ruskin brought 19th-century English painting and 19th-century English art criticism into sympathetic alignment. -
Experiments with curving wood
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Period: to
William Morris
He was an English textile designer, artist, writer, and socialist associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the English Arts and Crafts Movement. In 1861 Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. was established in London,it produced a range of original domestic furnishings. He wrote and published poetry and fiction. He was an important figure in socialism in Britain, founding the Socialist League in 1884. He devoted much of the rest of his life to the Kelmscott Press, which he founded in 1891. -
Period: to
Christopher Dresser
He is considered the first industrial designer. Dresser addressed the constraints as well as the strengths of the machine in the manufacture of domestic utilitarian objects.He created forms and ornament for a wide range of manufacturers in Great Britain, France, and the United States. Dresser was also inspired by botanical forms and the arts of Japan. His comprehensive and landmark book Japan: Its Architecture, Art, and Art Manufactures (1882) -
Period: to
The Victorian Era
Victorian age is named after Victoria, who became a queen in 1837. Extravagant embellishment was applied to architecture, furniture, clothing and graphic design. Beauty was expressed through printed images of young women, flowers, children and puppies. -
Michael Thonet patents its first curved wood
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Great Exhibition
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Society of Arts Design Award to Henry Cole
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Henry Cole: Journal of design and manufacture
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Chair No. 4
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Victoria and Albert Museum
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Royal College of Art
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Escuela Nacional de Artes y Oficios de Hombres
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Chair no. 14
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"The new chair"
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Arts & Crafts movement
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Thonet expands his facilities to new cities
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Thonet patents expire
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Period: to
Toulouse Lautrec
He was a famous painter and poster artist influenced by japanese style and Edgar Degas.
At the Moulin Rouge
The Streetwalker
He was the first artist to blur the boundaries between expensive and low art.
He was considered as one of the most famous expressionism pioneers.He also made many posters for the Moulin Rouge. -
AESTHETIC MOVEMENT
It was a late 19th century movement that championed pure beauty and emphasis in the visual and sensual qualities of art and design over practical,moral or narrative considerations.Japanese art and culture was an important influence.In applied arts it can be seen as part of the revolution in design initiated by William Morris,with the foundation of Morris & Co in 1862.From 1875 the ideals of aestheticism were commercialised by the Liberty store in London, which later also popularised art nouveau. -
Period: to
Peter Behrens
Peter Behrens is one of the most influential 20th-century German designers. He brought outstanding works in painting, architecture, graphic design and industrial design. He is viewed as the founder of modern objective industrial architecture and modern industrial design. In 1907 se summed up to the Deutscher Werkbund with Hermann Muthesius. That same year he was named artistic adviser of the AEG. -
Escuela de Artes y Oficios para mujeres
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La sagrada Familia Temple began its construction by Antoni Gaudi
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Period: to
Walter D Teague
Pioneered in the establishment of industrial design as a profession
Art Students League of New York
He formed an Office in 1926
Corporations such as Ford, Texaco, Kodak, Polaroid and Boeing.
Main works: Redesigns of two cameras Kodak in 1927
Designed Marmon 16 in 1930
Exhibits in New York and San Francisco
Designed interiors and furnishings for the Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs in 1950. -
Rene Lalique
registered his RL stamp for his pieces -
Art Nouveau in Europe & America
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The Streetwalker
Work by Toulouse Lautrec painter and poster worker that elevated cheap to fine art -
Paris Exhibition
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Period: to
Raymond Loewy
1936- He designed the Pennsylvania Railroad's S1 steam locomotive.
1940-He changed the lucky strike cigarette package.
1955- He introduced the first king size slenderized coca-cola bottle.
1962- He redesigned Air Force One aircraft -
Period: to
Norman Bel Geddes
1927-Opened industrial design studio
1929-Airlines number 4
1932-Book: Horizons
1939-New York World "Futurama" -
Period: to
Harold Van Doren
Considered as the father of the industrial Design.He served in the Army during World War I, then studied at the Art Students League in New York. He worked as a lecturer at the Louvre, as an artist for theChicago Tribune’s Paris edition. He opened a design office in 1931.They designed a colorful, art deco skyscraper public health scale for their first client.His office designed a range of streamlined children’s bicycles, tricycles, scooters, and wagons. -
Period: to
Clara Porset
In 1925 studies art at Columbia University, New York
From 1928 to 1931 studies architecture in Paris at Henri Rapin’s atellier takes several course of Art History and aesthetics in several institutions
In 1936 moves to México to work at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México to substitute Carlos Pellicer giving his Art History class.
In 1938 marries painter Xavier Guerrero develops her appreciation of popular arts and mexican culture, which served as a source of inspiration for future works. -
Job cigarette papers by Alphonse Mucha
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Period: to
Alvar Aalto
Architect, designer, sculptor and painter. He's considered as one of the great leaders of planning,and key advocate of midcentury modernism. His career included work in the fields of furniture, textiles, painting, sculpting, landscape, urban planning, glassware, and jewelry. He was Finland’s most notable architect. His main objective was to create an overall work of art. He redesigned architecture and public structures by placing reliance upon the foundation of performance with organic forms. -
Period: to
Henry Dreyfuss
1929-Opened first Industrial Design Office
1929- Won "phone of the future"
1933- flat-top refrigerator
1939- Big Ben Westclock's
1934- Model 150 Vacuum Cleaner
1949- Model 500 desktop
1953- Round thermostat
1956-Wallmounted telephone
1958-Push bottom telephone
1959-Princess telephone
1965-President of the IDSA
1972-Symbol source book -
Hoffmans sitzmaschine armchair
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Period: to
EXPRESSIONISM
Distortion, Exaggeration, Primitivism, Fantasy
It was used to manipulate reality because of emotions
Reveals the pessimistic side created by the historic events on that time.
Main works: The Bewitched Mill, 1913, The Scream (1893.
There was also expressionist literature, dance, sculpture, music and theatre. -
Deutsche Werkbund
"German work corporation"
Founding in October
500 members
1st yearbook: 1912 -
Period: to
George Nelson
He was a student of Architecture at Yale University
He studied Architecture at American Academy in Rome
He was an Editor of the magazine "Architectural Forum" 1935
Design director at Herman Miller 1946
He found his own firm for Industrial Design 1947
Sheet Ball Clock 1950
Marshmallow sofa: steal-construction with colored pads 1956
Plattform Bench with polished chrome and solid wood slats 1950
Action Office desk: Teakwood top with aluminium base 1950 -
Period: to
FUTURISM
By Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. It proclaimed the program and ideology of Futurism. It embraces technology, war and aggressive action. The industrial revolution influenced futurism greatly. It began its transformation of Italian culture in 1909 with the "degenerate art". It held that the only valid objects of study were facts that could be tested and the relations between such facts.
It showed:Vitality, Energy, Motion, Dynamic, Enthusiasm. Main artists: Filippo Tommaso, Giacomo Balla, Carlo Carrà -
Period: to
Eero Saarinen
He studied sculpture in the Academie de la Grande Chaumiére
Studied architecture in Yale U.
Met charles Eames in 1930
Worked with architect Jarl E.
Architectural work began in USA in 1936
Joined his father's work in 1938
"Organic sing in Home" 1940
Joined partnership with his father in 1945
Grasshopper armchair 1946-47
Womb collection 1947-48 -
Period: to
Eliot F. Noyes
Noyes received a degree in architecture from Harvard University in 1938. He worked with both Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer for two years, then became director of the department of Industrial Design at the Museum of Modern Art in NYC. He served as design director for Norman Bel Geddes, and then launched Eliot Noyes & Associates in New Canaan, CT. Equally facile in architectural and industrial design, Noyes is chiefly remembered for his creation of the design for the IBM Selectric typewriter. -
Period: to
Tapio Wirkkala
He was a multitalented design genius, widely considered a leading figure of modern Finnish industrial art. Wirkkala's wide ranging portfolio spans from glass, furniture and product design to sculpture, city planning, art, graphics and even creating banknotes for the Finnish treasury.He was a recluse by nature.t was in nature that he found his much loved solitude and the inspiration for forms that industry could produce or artwork could create. He received three gold medals at the Milan Triennale -
Period: to
RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTIVISM
Sought to abolish the traditional artistic concern with composition, and replace it with construction. It was meant to carry out a fundamental analysis of the materials and forms of art.It called for a careful technical analysis of modern materials.
Main artists: Vladimir Tatlin, Alexander Rodchenko, Kazimir Malevich, Varvara Stepánova -
Period: to
NEOPLASTICISM
Neo-Plasticism is a Dutch artistic movement founded in Amsterdam in 1917. It relied on the relationships between line and color to emulate the opposing forces that structured nature and reality. Neo-Plasticism abolished the figure-ground dichotomy by using an irregular grid structure that resisted arranging the pictorial elements into a hierarchy.
Artists: Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld, -
Period: to
Bauhaus
Gropius last expressionism and its conflict with the recent rationalism. -
Period: to
ART DÉCO MOVEMENT
Founders: Louis Sue, André Mane
Objective: consolidate french crafts, from ceramic to architecture, cabinet making and textile design.
It appeared with the retrospective "Les années 25" that took place at Musée des Arts Decoratifs -
Period: to
BAUHAUS
The Bauhaus was the most influential modernist art school of artisans, design, art and architecture of the 20th century by Walter Gropius. It had a major impact both in Europe and the United States long after it closed. It was shaped by the 19th and early 20th centuries trends such as Arts and Crafts movement. The school is also renowned for its faculty. -
Walter D Teague
He formed his exclusive office design -
Period: to
Timo Sarpaneva
Finnish designer, sculptor and educator.
Sarpaneva’s pioneering glass work merged art with utilitarian design. Besides glass, he also worked with textiles, wood, porcelain and metal. Sarpaneva’s unique industrial design that helped to pioneer Finland’s global design reputation. He has received much recognition throughout his illustrious career including the Lunning Prize and was twice awarded at the Milan Triennale. In 1976, Sarpaneva received the title of Professor from the Finnish government. -
Period: to
ORGANIC DESIGN
Organic Design was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright who believed in creating harmony between people and nature and regarded architecture as a means of achieving a perfect balance between the manmade and natural worlds.
This belief was expressed by the use of natural materials and smooth rounded forms. This approach to design was introduced to the USA by Eliel Saarinen and influenced a new generation of designers including George Nelson, Florence Schust, Charles Eames and Isamu Noguci. -
Period: to
Miles Van der Rohe social needs before luxury
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El palacio de Bellas Artes por Adamo Boari
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Walter D Teague
He did an exposition in the golden gate -
Period: to
DESIGN IN MEXICO
1941 Klaus Grabe, Morley Webb & Michael Van Beuren win the international section of the Organic Design for Home Furnishings contest
1945 Laboratorios Nacionales de Fomento Industrial (LANFI)
1952 Talleres de Artesanos Carlos Lazo del Pino de la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Obras Públicas
1959 Escuela de Diseño Industrial UIA (bachillerato técnico). Implementación del Plan de los once Años. Crecimiento de educación en artes y humanidades, descentralización de la educación superior -
Period: to
DESIGN IN MEXICO
1968 Celebración de los Juegos Olímpicos de México
1969 Licenciatura en Diseño Industrial UNAM dependiente de la Facultad de Arquitectura. Herencia del Plan de los Once Años, crecimiento en la oferta educativa técnica, presiones demográficas en la educación media.
1970 Exposición de artesanía finlandesa en la Casa de la Artesanía Jalisciense con obras de:
Timo Sarpaneva
Tapio Wirkkala
1971 Instituto Mexicano de Comercio Exterior: Centro de Diseño -
Period: to
DESIGN IN MEXICO
1974 Escuela de Diseño Industrial, Universidad de Monterrey, Universidad del Nuevo Mundo, UAM
1975 CODIGRAM, apertura del Centro de Diseño del IMCE en Guadalajara. Sesión de trabajo de Kenji Ekuan y William Walsh en las oficinas del IMCE en Guadalajara
1976 Cierre del Centro de Diseño del IMCE
Seminario de Victor Papanek en la Casa de la Cultura Jalisciense, febrero de 1976
Fundación de la Facultad de Diseño de la Universidad de Guadalajara: 20 de agosto de 1976 -
Period: to
DESIGN IN MEXICO
1979 XI Congreso Mundial del ICSID, en la Ciudad de México
1980 Fundación de ALADI, Asociación Latinoamericana de Diseño Industrial
1981-1983 Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos fabrica el Lerma.
1983 1er Encuentro de Estudiantes de Diseño Industrial, ENEDI, en la Universidad de Guadalajara
1996 1er Interdesign celebrado en México. Cuernavaca.
1999 1er Interdesign celebrado simultaneamente en tres paises: México, Australia, Sudáfrica
2003 Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey -
ORGANIC DESIGN CONTEST
-Furniture, lamps and textiles
-"Harmonious organization of the parts within the whole, according to structure, material and purpose
-The contest was won by charles eames and Eero Saarinen
-The winners of the contest won contracts for manufacture and distribution
-Took place in the museum of modern art in New York City.
-Elliot F. Noyes was born in Boston. Studied in Harvard. He was an architect and industrial designer. -
Eva Zeisel gains national notice with the porcelain table service's first show devoted sold to a female designer
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Period: to
The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan, U.S.-sponsored program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern European countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive.
Goals: Stimulate industrial production
Economic recovery
Restoration of consumer
$13,000,000,000
Half to the growing influence of the USSR within Europe -
Walter D Teague
He designed interiors for the air force academy. -
Period: to
POP DESIGN
It was influenced by American popular culture. The artists wanted their art to reflect the life in contemporary America. Some of them were called the new realists.
Product design influenced pop art.
It was seen in music, fashion, media, paintings, etc.
Pop artists embraced the mass production.
The most popular colors used in this movement were red, blue and yellow.
The industrial production process, stylization, quotation, borrowing, and re-appropriation are the main techniques of pop art.
