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Computers for Instructional Purposes
In 1963, Richard Atkinson and Patrick Suppes created a computer assisted instructional program for research and development in mathematics and reading. This self-paced instructional tool helped public school and university level students correct their responses through speedy trial-and-error activities.
Source: Reiser, R., & Dempsey, J. (2018). Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson. -
The Mouse
Computer Mouse is designed by inventor and engineer Douglas Engelbart and created by Bill English. This development marked the evolution of computers from a specialized machine only for scientists and mathematicians to technology that is more accessible to the general public. This interface would lead to an explosion of consumer demand for personalized computing devices. Would eventually be licensed to Apple for 40k.
Source: https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
The ESEA brings money into school’s advancement in technology. Both mainframe and microcomputers are added at some schools for administration and school counseling use. These databases contained information about and for students.
Source: California State Long Beach University. History, the history of computers and the history in education. http://web.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html -
Birth of the Internet
The first interconnected packet-switching system was established and tested on October 29, 1969. Funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. This network was composed of two nodes, one located at University of California, Los Angeles and the second in the Stanford Research Institute - the number of nodes would grow to 113 and have 1000 hosts by 1984. This would form ARPANET, the foundation of the Internet today.
Source: https://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ -
Development of UNIX
The Bell Labs research center developed multitasking, multiuser computer operating system called UNIX. This software would ultimately be licensed by AT&T to academic and commercial parties interested in the technology. Among those to adopt the platform, Apple’s macOS is the largest installed base of UNIX as of 2014.
Source: http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch02s01.html -
Apple II in Classrooms
Apple II computers accepted in classrooms. PC's perceived to be more appropriate for business or teachers.
Source: California State Long Beach University. History, the history of computers and the history in education. http://web.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html -
Technology-Related Assistance Act
Created to provide money from the federal government to states and to private organizations for assistive technology initiatives designed to help individuals with disabilities.
Source: https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/Biennial/336.html -
World Wide Web Invented
Invented by British physicist, Tim Berners-Lee, for information sharing purposes between university physicists around the world.
Source: https://home.cern/topics/birth-web -
World Wide Web Publicly Available
World Wide Web becomes publicly available. Students gain access new educational resources including:
o Distance education programs
o Online communities (chat rooms, forums, discussion boards)
o Informational websites and media.
Source: https://home.cern/about/updates/2013/04/twenty-years-free-open-web -
Ethics in Education Technology
The most recent iteration of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) Definition has included ethical practice in the definition: “Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance…”
Source: Reiser, R., & Dempsey, J. (2018). Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
