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384 BCE
Aristotle
384-322 Aristotle was a Greek philosopher. His nickname was the "Father of Western Philosophy". Aristotle helped a harmonious synthesis of the various existing philosophies prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its fundamental intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. -
100
Ptolemy
100-168 Ptolemy is the only surviving ancient treatise on astronomy. Ptolemy claimed to have derived his geometrical models from selected astronomical observations by his predecessors spanning more than 800 years. Ptolemy presented his astronomical models in convenient tables. -
1473
Copernicus
1473-1543 Copernicus was a mathematician and astronomer. He had a major contribution to the Scientific Revolution. He owned docorate in a cannon law. He formulated an economic principle that later came to be called, Greshman's Law. -
1546
Tycho Brahe
1546-1601 Tycho Brahe, other than a astronomer was a Danish nobleman and writer known for his very accurate planetary and astronomical observations. His observations at a time could be better than five of the best available observations. He combined the Copernican system and the Ptolemaic system to make a better system, "Tychonic system". -
1564
Galileo
1564-1642 Galileo was an italian astronomer and engineer. He was called "father of observational astronomy, father of modern science, father of scientific method, and modern physics." Galileo studied many things including speed, velocity, gravity, projectile motion. He contributed to astronomy by telescope confirmation. -
1570
Hans Lippershey
1570-1619 Hans Lippershey was a German-Dutch spectacle-maker. He is commonly associated with the invention of the telescope. He was the first one who tried to obtain a patent for it. He was the first one to build a telescope. -
1571
Johannes Kepler
1571-1630 Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer. He is a key figure in the 17th-century scientific revolution. He was best known his laws of motion. He wrote many amazing books about the planetary motion. Early in his life he was a teacher and later he became a assistant to Tycho Brahe. -
Giovanni Cassini
1625-1712 Giovanni Cassini was an Italian mathematician and astronomer. Cassini is known for his work in the fields of astronomy and engineering. Cassini discovered four satellites of the planet Saturn and noted the division of the rings of Saturn. Cassini was also the first of his family to begin work on the project of creating a topographic map of France. -
Sir Isaac Newton
1643-1724 Sir Isaac Newton developed the three laws of motion which form the basic principles of modern physics. His discovery of calculus led the way to more powerful methods of solving mathematical problems. His work in optics included the study of white light and the discovery of the color spectrum. -
Difference between refracting and reflecting telecopes
The reflector telescope uses two mirrors instead of two lenses. Isaac Newton developed this telescope. Isaac Newton developed this telescope. Light from an object enters the telescope tube and is reflected off a curved mirror at the end of the tube. The refracting telescope is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image. It's design was originally used in spy glasses and astronomical telescopes but is also used for long focus camera lenses. -
William Herschel
1738-1822 William Herschel was a German-born British astronomer, composer and brother of fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel, with whom he worked. Herschel constructed his first large telescope in 1774. He discovered two moons around Uranus: Titania. William found Saturn's sixth and seventh moons, Enceladus and Mimas. -
Percival Lowell
1855-1916 Percival Lowell was an American astronomer who predicted the existence of a planet beyond the orbit of Neptune and initiated the search that ended in the discovery of Pluto. He founded the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona and formed the beginning of the effort that led to the discovery of Pluto 14 years after his death. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
1873-1967 Ejnar Hertzsprung was a Danish chemist and astronomer born in Copenhagen. He studied chemical engineering and studied photochemistry in Leipzig. He was best known for his discovery that the variations in the widths of stellar lines reveal that some stars are of much lower density than others and for publishing the first color-magnitude diagrams. -
Albert Einstein
1879-1955 Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation. -
Edwin Hubble
1889-1953 Edwin Hubble revolutionized cosmology by proving that the clouds of light astronomers saw in the night sky were actually other galaxies beyond our Milky Way. He identified the relationship between a galaxy's distance and the speed with which it is moving. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology and is regarded as one of the most important astronomers of all time. -
Karl Janshy
1905-1950 Karl Jansky was an American physicist and radio engineer who in August 1931 first discovered radio waves emanating from the Milky Way. He is considered one of the founding figures of radio astronomy. He helped build some of the earliest radio transmitters in the country. Jansky was assigned the job of investigating sources of static that might interfere with radio voice transmissions. -
John Glenn
1921-2016 John Glenn was a United States Marine Corps aviator, engineer, astronaut, businessman, and politician. He was the first American to orbit the Earth.Following his retirement from NASA, he served from 1974 to 1999 as a Democratic United States Senator from Ohio. He was one of the Mercury Seven, military test pilots selected in 1959 by NASA as the nation's first astronauts. -
Yuri Gagarin
1934-1968 was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He became the first human to journey into outer space when his Vostok spacecraft completed one orbit of the Earth on 12 April 1961. Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles. He served as the backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission, which ended in a fatal crash. Gagarin died in 1968 when the MiG-15 training jet he was piloting crashed. -
Sputnik
In 1957 the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit. Sputnik is a major new media brand with modern multimedia centers in dozens of countries. Tracking and studying Sputnik from Earth provided scientists with valuable information. The density of the upper atmosphere could be deduced from its drag on the orbit, and the propagation of its radio signals gave data about the ionosphere. -
The Apollo Program
1963-1972 The Apollo Program was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The program succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. Apollo set several major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit. -
First Space Shuttle flight
In 1981 the First Space Shuttle was the first orbital spaceflight of NASA's Space Shuttle program. The first orbited, Columbia, 54.5 hours later, having orbited the Earth 36 times. It was the first space-rated orbiter in NASA's Space Shuttle fleet. Being over 22 years old, it completed 27 missions. -
Mars Pathfinder Expedition
In 1996 Mars Pathfinder Expedition was launched December 4, 1996 and landed on Mars' Ares Vallis on July 4, 1997. It was designed as a technology demonstration of a new way to deliver an instrumented lander. It was the first-ever robotic rover to the surface of the red planet. was designed to be a demonstration of the technology necessary to deliver a lander and a free-ranging robotic rover. -
Cassini Orbiter
In 1997 the Cassini Orbiter was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites. The spacecraft was launched with two elements: the Cassini orbiter and the Huygens probe. Cassini-Huygens reached Saturn and its moons in July 2004. -
Neil Armstrong
1930-2012 Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer who was the first person to walk on the Moon. He was also a naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor. He was selected in 1962. He made his first spaceflight as commander of Gemini 8 in March 1966, becoming NASA's first civilian astronaut to fly in space. -
Shedding light on Saturn's moon Titan's mysterious atmosphere
In 2019 Shedding light on Saturn's moon Titan's mysterious atmosphere. Southwest Research Institute study tackles one of the greatest mysteries about Titan. This study posits that one key to Titan's mysterious atmosphere is the 'cooking' of organic material in the moon's interior. A lot of organic chemistry is no doubt happening on Titan. This mean that it's an undeniable source of curiosity.
