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The History of GMO's

By Crystal Doane
  • 6000 BCE

    BCE

    BCE
    Yogurt and cheese made with lactic acid-producing bacteria by various cultures.

  • Discovery of Protozoa

    Discovery of Protozoa
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa

  • First Vaccine

    First Vaccine
    Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox.

  • Fermentation

    Fermentation
    Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.

  • Laws of Inheritance

    Laws of Inheritance
    Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance.

  • Bacteria for Identification

    Bacteria for Identification
    Robert Koch develops a technique for staining bacteria for identifacation.

  • Cholera and Anthrax Vaccine

    Cholera and Anthrax Vaccine
    Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens

  • First Rabies Vaccine

    First Rabies Vaccine
    Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first rabies vaccine abd used it on Joseph Meister.

  • "Biotechnology" First used

    "Biotechnology" First used
    Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, fist uses the word biotechnology

  • First Antibiotic

    First Antibiotic
    Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria leading to the firat antibiotic; penillin.

  • Structure of DNA

    Structure of DNA
    James D. Watson and Francis Crick describe the stucture of DNA.

  • Recombinant DNA

    Recombinant DNA
    Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer preform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment, using bacterial genes.

  • Gene Cloning

    Gene Cloning
    The U.S. for patent gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer.

  • First Biotech Drug Approved by FDA

    First Biotech Drug Approved by FDA
    Humulin, Genetech's human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug to be approved by the food and drug administration.

  • PCR

    PCR
    The polymerase China Reaction technique is conceived.

  • Gene Therapy

    Gene Therapy
    First federally approved gene therapy treatment is preformed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder.

  • FDA Approves GMO Food

    FDA Approves GMO Food
    The United States Food and Drug Administration approves first GM food: the "Flavr Savr" Tomato.

  • Cloning

    Cloning
    British scientists, led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, report cloning Dolly the Sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells.

  • Human Genome Project

    Human Genome Project
    Completion of a "rough draft" of the human genome in the [Human Genome Project].

  • Human Genome Project

    Human Genome Project
    The Human Genome Project is completed, providing information on the locations and sequence of human genes on all 46 chromosomes.

  • GMO-Resistant Pests Appear

    GMO-Resistant Pests Appear
    Bt-toxin-resistant caterpillar-cum-moth, Helicoverpa zea, is found feasting on GMO Bt cotton crops in the southern United States.

  • First Medical Experiment Module "Kibo"

    First Medical Experiment Module "Kibo"
    Japanese astonomers launched the first Medical Experiment Module called "Kibo" , to be used on the International space station.

  • Bt Toxin Discovered in Humans

    Bt Toxin Discovered in Humans
    Research in eastern Quebec finds Bt toxins in the blood of pregnant women and shows evidence that the toxin is passed to fetuses.

  • Farmer Wins Court Battle

    Farmer Wins Court Battle
    French farmer Paul Francois sues Monsanto for chemical poisoning he claims was caused by its pesticide Lasso, part of the Roundup Ready line of products. Francois wins and sets a new precedent for future cases.

  • GMO Patent Expires

    GMO Patent Expires
    Monsanto’s patent on the Roundup Ready line of genetically engineered seeds will end in two years. In 2009, Monsanto introduced Roundup 2 with a new patent set to make the first-generation seed obsolete.