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Catharine Beecher
She was an advocate for women to be mothers and teachers. She believed that women were uniquely suited for the moral and intellectual development of children. She was against women's suffrage and her most famous works are Her most famous works—A Treatise on Domestic Economy (1841), The Duty of American Women to Their Country (1845), and The Domestic Receipt Book (1846). -
Land Grant Universities in Arkansas
University of Arkansas Fayetteville and University of Arkansas in Pine Bluff -
W.O. Atwater
an American chemist known for his studies of human nutrition and metabolism. He is considered the father of modern nutrition research and education. He is also credited with developing the Atwater system, which laid the groundwork for nutrition science in the United States. The Atwater system measures energy in units which are known as food calories. He conducted studies for the U.S. Fish Commission and the Smithsonian. -
Caroline Hunt
She received a degree in Chemistry from Northwestern in 1888. She thought that the home economics should provide a general and interdisciplinary education. Hunt argued that a training in home economics ought to liberate women from the hardships of housework, teach women to guard their health and safety and that of their families, and simplify their lives. She participated in Lake Placid Conferences held by Ellen S. Richards. -
Ellen S Richards
She was an industrial and safety engineer, environmental chemist during the 19th century. She pioneered work in sanitary engineering, and experimental research in domestic science, laid a foundation for the new science of home economics. She was the founder of the home economics movement. She was the founder of Home Economics and she was the first to apply chemistry to nutrition. She was the first woman to graduate MIT. also created first lunch program. -
The Lake Placid Conference
These were ten conferences that were held between 1899-1909, where Home Economics emerged as a discipline. It was here that the leaders and advocates in this field discussed advances in home economics and decided what the guiding principles of home economics should be. -
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History of Family and Consumer Science Education
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Land Grant University
an institution of higher education in the United States designated by a state to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890. -
Justin Smith Morrill/Morrill act of 1862
Established federal funding for establishing many of the United States' public colleges and universities. -
Smith Lever Act of 1914
a United States federal law that established a system of cooperative extension services, connected to the land-grant universities, in order to inform people about current developments in agriculture, home economics, public policy/government, leadership, 4-H, economic development, coastal issues (National Sea Grant College Program), and many other related subjects. It helped farmers learn new agricultural techniques by the introduction of home instruction. -
Smith Hughes Act of 1917
This act provided federal aid to the states for the purpose of promoting precollegiate vocational education in agricultural and industrial trades and in home economics. It helped to expand enrollment and expand vocational courses. -
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics was founded in 1917.It is the United States' largest organization of food and nutrition professionals, and represents over 100,000 credentialed practitioners which are registered dietitian nutritionists, dietetic technicians, registered, and other dietetics professionals holding undergraduate and advanced degrees in nutrition and dietetics. Nutrition is very important in today's society in the United States. -
Lulu Grace Graves
an American dietitian, who was the first president of the American Dietetic Association from 1917-1920. Graves was editor of the Dietetics and Institutional Food Service department of Modern Hospital magazine. In 1947, she received the Marjorie Hulsizer Copher Award from the American Dietetics Association. -
Child development and Family Studies
Child Development and Family Studies focuses on recognizing and enhancing important developmental milestones for children from birth through adolescence. Students will learn how to create effective learning environments to promote children's healthy development as well as assist parents in creating positive relationships and environments for the development of their children. -
Housing and Interior Design
the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using a space. Interior design is a multifaceted profession that includes conceptual development, space planning, site inspections, programming, research, communicating with the stakeholders of a project, construction management, and execution of the design. -
Vocational Education Acts of 1963
provided grants to states to maintain, improve, and develop vocational-technical education programs. The funds were earmarked for the occupations that were in demand. -
The Vocational Amendment of 1968
each state must submit a plan consisting of administrative policies and procedures and an annual and 5-year program plan. Part of the authorized funds are allocated to permanent programs in cooperative vocational as well as consumer and homemaking education, while the remainder is allocated to the permanent programs of research and training in the area of curriculum development and personnel training. -
Vocational Amendment of 1973
The Rehabilitation Act extended and revised the authorization of grants to states for vocational rehabilitation services, with special emphasis on services to individuals with the most severe disabilities, -
Vocational Act of 1976
The purpose of this act was to extend, improve and maintain programs, overcome sexual discrimination/bias and develop new programs for vocational education. -
Carl Perkins Act
The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act (Perkins IV) was originally authorized in 1984.The purpose of Perkins is to provide individuals with the academic and technical skills needed to succeed in a knowledge and skills based economy. Perkins supports career and technical education that prepares its students both for postsecondary education and the careers of their choice. -
American Home Economics Association
It was founded in 1908 as the American Home Economics Association by Ellen H. Richards. In 1994 it changed its name to the current one which is Family and Consumer Sciences. -
more resources
https://sohe.wisc.edu/hunt-caroline-1865-1927/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur_Olin_Atwater
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulu_Grace_Graves
https://www.memphis.edu/cpls/programs/cdfs.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_design
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Nutrition_and_Dietetics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_Family_and_Consumer_Sciences# -
resources
Sources for timeline https://www.britannica.com/topic/Smith-Hughes-Act
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/vocational-education#
https://education.okstate.edu/outreach/fcs/
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED039352
https://education.alaska.gov/cte/carlperkins
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/catharine-esther-beecher
https://sohe.wisc.edu/hunt-caroline-1865-1927/
