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Events of the Civil Rights Movement-19th and 20 Centuries
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The Battle of Fort Pillow
The Battle of Fort Pillow a.k.a the Fort Pillow Massacre; fought on the Mississippi River in Henning, Tennessee. This battle was part of the American Civil War. The battle was ended by soldiers led by Confederate Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest, who massacred Federal black troops. This resulted in a Confederate victory. Originally the fort was built by Brigadier General Gideon Johnson Pillow in 1862, and was used by both Confederate troops and Union forces. -
Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Published
Movie of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, where Huckleberry and Tom are friends. The book is one of the "Great American Novels." It was one of the first books in American literature to be written in vernacular English and to use local color/regional literature. The book gives a vibrant descprition of people and places along the Mississippi River. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson
This was a landmark Supreme Court case decision, that enforced state laws that required racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "seperate but equal." It was not until the decision of another Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, that the statement "seperate but equal" was rejected by U.S. law. -
Alpha Phi Alpha at Cornell University is founded
The first black, between colleges Greek-lettered ferternity. The founders are known as the "Seven Jewels." The symbol is the Great Sphinx of Giza. The aims of this organization are "manly deeds, scholarship, and love for all mankind." Its motto is "First of All, Servants of All, We Shall Transcend All." -
Jack Johnson wins the World Heavyweight Title
Documentary
Johnson became the first African American world heavyweight boxing champion, at the height of the Jim Crow era. He was an American boxer nicknamed the Galveston Giant, his full name was John Arthur Johnson. Kens Burns in a document about Johnson's life states that "for more than thirteen years, Jack Johnson was the most famous and the most notorious African-American on Earth". -
The Great Migration Begins
The Great Migration was broken into two parts the First Great Migration and the Second Great Migration. Approximately one and a half million African-Americans moved from the Southern United States to the North and Midwest during the First Great Migration. After a quiet period during the Great Depression, the Second Great Migration started and more than 5 million people moved to other destinations in California and the Western part of the U.S. -
Orlando's first black doctor opens practice
Dr. Jerry B. Callahan was born on a family owned plantation in Abbeyville County, South Carolina on December 9, 1883. Dr. Callahan earned a medical degree from Shaw University in North Carolina then he moved from Daytona Beach to Orlando, FL. He was the first black doctor to open a medical practice in Orlando. And the first African American doctor to practice surgery at Orange General Hospital. -
Shuffle Along the first major African American hit musical on Broadway
Shuffle Along AudioShuffle Along was an African- American, a revue a type of multi-act popular theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance and sketches. It contained music and lyrics by Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake. And it had a connecting plot about a race for mayor, written by Flournoy Miller and Aubrey Lyles. The show premiered on Broadway in 1921, running unusually long for 504 performances. The careers of Josephine Baker, Adelaide Hall and Paul Robeson were launched. -
Countee Cullen publishes his first collection of poems in Color
Countee Cullen was an African-American poet and leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance. He went to DeWitt Clinton High School in The Bronx. He excelled academically, while emphasizing his skills at poetry. Elected into the honor society, editor of the newspaper, and elected vice-president of his graduating class Cullen was very hardworking in his schoolwork and studies. After graduation in all honors clasess in January 1922, he attended New York University and continued to above and beyond. -
Sprinter Jesse Owens wins gold at thye Berlin Olympics
Jesse Owens
Jesse Owens an American track and field athlete, won four Olympic Gold medals. Specialized in the long jump and the sprints. Owens is known as "perhaps the greatest and most famous athlete in track and field history". He set three world records and tyed another in less than an hour,at the 1935 Big Ten track. In the Berlin Olympics, he "single-handedly crush[ed] Hitler's myth of Aryan supremacy. -
Diahann Carroll stars as the title role in Julia
Diahann Carroll had a long and successful career lasting nearly six decades, as an American television and stage actress and singer. She was in some of the earliest major studio films to have a black cast: Carmen Jones in 1954, Porgy and Bessy in 1959, and on Broadway. She starred in Julia as one of the first series on American television to star a black woman in a non-stereotypical role. She has recieved many stage and screen awards and nominations. Carroll is also a breast cancer survivor. -
Barack Obama is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
Obama LectureObama News
Barack Obama is the 44th President of the U.S.A but he is the first to be African-American. He worked as a civil rights attorney and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. Obama defeated Republican nominee John McCain and was inaugurated as president. Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
