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3100 BCE
Menes unites Egypt
Menes became the first Pharaoh uniting all of Ancient Egypt under one rule. The Pharaohs ruled the land for thousands of years building great monuments, pyramids, and temples that still survive to this day. The height of Ancient Egypt was in the time of the New Empire from 1500 to 1000 BC. -
Period: 2575 BCE to 2130 BCE
Old Kingdom
In this period they build the Pyramids of Giza and they have a strong government prosperous economy. The central government began to weaken when the nomarchs (they controled the states of egypt?) begin to be powerful and they begin to disobey the pharaoh. -
Period: 1938 BCE to 1630 BCE
Middle Kingdom
During the First Intermediate Period, Egypt was divided and in political chaos. Around 2000 BC, a powerful leader named Mentuhotep II became king of southern Egypt. He launched an attack on the north and eventually reunited Egypt under one rule. It was during the Thirteenth Dynasty that the pharaoh's control of Egypt began to weaken. Eventually, a group of kings in northern Egypt, split from southern Egypt. The Middle Kingdom collapsed and the Second Intermediate Period began. -
1550 BCE
Hiksos conquer Egypt
The Second Intermediate Period is most famous for the rule of foreign invaders called the Hyksos. The Hyksos ruled northern Egypt from the capital city of Avaris until around 1550 BC. -
Period: 1539 BCE to 1075 BCE
New Kingdom
During this time, a foreign people called the Hyksos ruled northern Egypt. Around 1540 BC, a ten-year-old named Ahmose I became king of Lower Egypt. Ahmose I became a great leader. He defeated the Hyksos and united all of Egypt under one rule. This began the period of the New Kingdom. -
Period: 1479 BCE to 1458 BCE
Reign of Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut (1479-1458 BCE) was the first female ruler of ancient Egypt to reign as a male with the full authority of pharaoh. Her name means "Foremost of Noble Women". She ruled as a woman as depicted in statuary. In around the seventh year of her reign, however, she chose to be depicted as a male pharaoh and reliefs though still referring to herself as female in her inscriptions. She was the fifth pharaoh during the period known as the New Kingdom and regarded as one of the best. -
Period: 1479 BCE to 1425 BCE
Reign of Thutmose III
Thutmose III is known as one of the greatest pharaohs in the history of Ancient Egypt. During his rule, he defeated many of Egypt's enemies and greatly expanded the extent of the Egyptian Empire. After becoming pharaoh, several kings from the east rebelled against Egypt. Thutmose III quickly marched his army to meet the rebels. He led a surprise attack through a narrow mountain pass to defeat the enemy at the Battle of Megiddo. -
Period: 1279 BCE to 1213 BCE
Reign of Ramses II
During his reign as pharaoh, Ramses II led the Egyptian army against several enemies including the Hittites, Syrians, Libyans, and Nubians. He expanded the Egyptian empire and secured its borders against attackers. Later, Ramses would establish one of the first major peace treaties in history with the Hittites. This helped to establish a peaceful northern border throughout the rest of Ramses' rule. -
525 BCE
Persians conquer Egypt
In 525 BC the Persian Empire invaded Egypt taking over until the rise of Alexander the Great and the Greek Empire in 332 BC. Alexander moved the capital to Alexandria and put the Ptolemy dynasty in power. They would rule for around 300 years. -
332 BCE
Greeks conquer Egypt
For the three centuries from Alexander the Great to Cleopatra, Greeks ruled Egypt not so much as foreign conquerors but as the next dynasty in the long line of pharaohs. It was not out of character for Alexander himself to assume the power and status of a pharaoh. The Greek family in Egypt, the Ptolemies, embraced many local customs, among them marriages of brother and sister to keep political power in the family.
