Education for Students With Special Needs

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  • Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

    This court case dealt with the segregation of students by race in schools. The ruling was in favor of desegregation, and would later be used to fight for the inclusion in public schools of children with special needs.

  • Hobson v. Hansen

    The court case dealt with what was referred to as the "tracking" of students in testing; tracking was eventually decided to be unconstitutional based on its bias against minority students and financially disadvantaged students.

  • Diana v. State Board of Education

    A court case in which it was decided that students who are "linguistically different" are required to test in their primary language. Special education assessments cannot have any sort of cultural bias.

  • Larry P. v. Riles

    This court case claimed that the testing students were undergoing for intellectual assessment were "culturally and racially biased." Due to this decision, African American students were not to be placed in mild intellectual disability classrooms.

  • Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

    A civil rights law. It stated that no federally funded school program or activity could exclude students with disabilities (meaning, exclude them because of the disability itself). This law protected disability students.

  • Lau v. Nichols

    This court ruling demanded that students who are "linguistically diverse" be provided with an equally accessible educational experience. It stated that simply using the same materials and curriculum as English-speaking students was not enough to do so.

  • Public Law 94-142

    This law is also referred to as The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA. It is monumental in the history of improving special education. It was signed in to law by President Gerald Ford. The law requires special needs students to be provided with a free appropriate public education, to be educated in the least restrictive environment, be given an IEP, have the right to due process, be given nondiscriminatory assessment, and to have full parental participation.

  • Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District

    A court case that declared students with special needs should be offered a place in a general education classroom. This requirement should be discussed before the placement of the student in a pull-out classroom.

  • Americans with Disabilities Act

    This is an act that fully forbids the exclusion of people with disabilities -- disability here meaning anything from a student requiring a special education, people who have AIDS, people with disfigured features, and those who have finished a substance abuse program. It was signed in by President H. W. Bush.

  • Public Law 105-17

    Amendments to IDEA. Signed in by President Bill Clinton. Features a variety of significant changes. Some of these changes are: due process given to any students with disabilities who bring weapons to school or possess illegal drugs; IEPs are required to explain how the student having disabilities will progress in the gen ed curriculum; schools are to develop "performance goals" for students with disabilities; and more.

  • Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F.

    This court case set in stone the definition of "related services" in reference to students with disabilities and their health care needs.

  • No Child Left Behind Act

    Also known as the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This act calls for a significant amount of accountability for schools and the success of their students. Students will be routinely tested for proficiency, with tests being made with acknowledgements to their race, disability, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and English language proficiency.

  • Arlington Central School District Board of Education v. Murphy

    A court case regarding the issue of parents of students with disabilities being reimbursed for the cost of educational consultants. The Court ruled that parents are not to be reimbursed due to IDEA.

  • Winkelman v. Parma City School District

    A court case in which it was decided by the Court that parents are to have the represent their children in court cases regarding IDEA. This ruling strongly influenced IDEA's establishment of parental involvement.

  • Forest Grove School District v. T.A.

    The court case gave reimbursed parents for expenses of a student who struggled with depression, had learning disabilities and ADHD. The parents pulled the student out of the school and placed the child in private school. The court ruled that the initial school had failed to provide the student with a free appropriate education.