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Oct 2, 1500
Trades between Natives
All groups produced and owned different objects depending on their geographic placement (Where they lived). E.g. Sea shells were found only in the Gulf of Mexico area. The trading system was called the barter system. The natives only kept what they needed; the extra objects were traded. Value of objects defined according to one's needs. Trade network between families, groups, and the various trives (maps, potlatch) -
Period: Oct 2, 1500 to
Economy and Development
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Oct 7, 1500
Native Transport
Natives used canoes and snow shoes as means of transportation to get to different groups and places to trade their goods (barter system) -
Chartered compagnies
Coming to the colony in 1608, there is a great influence of the system of chartered companies on the organization of society and territory. These companies were based on privileges (allowed to be the only ones with rights to the fur trade) and obligations (they were supposed to administer and develop the colony). Population was kept small and mostly male and they ignored the development of the colony. -
Mercantilism
This is a way of financial organization theory; European Countries thought it was essential to possess as much gold as possible. You would accomplish this by exporting more than you import. Take in natural resources from colonies you had control over and sell finished goods. -
Economy based of fur trade in the French Regime
The effects of an economy based on the fur trade on the organization of the society and territory.
- Insufficient dense population, required the Natives allience to do hunting.
- Exploration and enlargement of territory to search for more and more furs. New France was constantly expanding.
- Establishment of trading posts: foundation of the towns of QC and Three Rivers. -
Aliances and Rivalries
The impact of economic activity on alliances and rivalries. Alliances with certain aboriginal groups meant that the Europeans were at times pulled into Native conflicts and vice versa for the Natives who were pulled into battles for European control of resources. -
Fur trade with the start of British Regime
The impact of the fur-trade economy on the organization of the society and territory.
- Fur-trade economy passes into the hands of the English.
- Creation of the North-West Company (1783) after the American Revolution and merge with the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821.
- Decine in the fur trade by the beginning of the 19th century. -
Timber in the British Regime
The impact of the timber economy on the organization of the society and the territory.
- Blockade by Napoleon in 1806 and the rise in the demand for timber.
- Creation of the Bank of Montreal in 1817 to allow people to
invest and obtain credit.
- New jobs: lumberjoack, loggers, sawmills.
- Improvement and development of transportation; canals, railroads, steamships. Timber industry causes the development of new regions (Mauricie, Outaouais, Laurentides) -
End of Britain's preferential treatment with Canada
Britain ends it's preferential/protectionist treatment with Canada in order to explore new markets, they establish Free Trade. (No customs or duties) -
Reciprocity Treaty
Canda signs a Reciprocity treaty with the USA in 1854 (to last 10 years). This meant that customs/duties between the two countries are temporarily ceased. Proved advantageous becaue we now had a larger market (more people to sell to). -
Opening of regions of colonization
Overpopulation of seigneuries, led to the opening up of new regions. Timber industry causes the development of new regions (Mauricie, Outaouais, Laurentides) -
First Phase of Industrialization
1870 - 1900 - manufacturing of finished goods.
Skiled craftsmen using costly/time consuming methods were transformed into factories, assembly lines, quick, less constly, dangerous, boring and repetitive work.
People were moving from the country (because as the farming sector mechanized, it required less people which forced them to move) to the city to become industry workers. (Rural exodus)
The living conditions (dirty, small, un-sanitary apartments) and work conditions were aweful. -
Nationalist politics of MacDonald
1- Increase custom duties: Protect/promote canadian industries by ensuring Canadians bought Canadian goods
2- Build Railways: The Canadian Pacific Railway was to run coast to coast, unify people, increase trade.
3- Encourgae immigration: Especially in Western Canada, bigger population = bigger market -
Unions
Development of unions: first unions (CTCC) to the larger central unions (CSN, FTQ, CSQ)
Unions are organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests. They make sure that the workers are being treated fairly and negotiate for them. -
Urban Expansion
Development in the cities; concentration of services (transportation, hospitals, education..), infrasreucture (aqueducts, sewer)
Development of suburbs; people can now move to the outskirts of the city while still working in the city due to public transportation (trains, trams..)
Rural exodus -
Second phase of Industrialization
1900-1930 - Raw materials
Living and working conditions were still hard and brutal. Industries started moving farther from the city; near the ressources to manufacture materials going on to be used to make finished materials. This phase, like the first phase, is a period of industrial development and economic growth. -
World War 1
1914-1948
1. Canada had to fight in the war because Britan made us since we were their colony. (Conscription Crisis - forced to join the army) We didn't want to join, we felt like it wasn't our war.
2. Women's rights improve. Women take men's places in the work force while they're fighting. They can vote in the place of their husbands.
3. Economic improvement - building stuff for war -
Governament Solutions to the Great Depression
Public works porojects to boost economy
Work Camp
Direct Aid
Encouraged Farming
Finally the start of WW2 in 1939 led to a huge economic boost and the depression ended. -
The Great Depression
Cause-> Stock market crash in 1929.
People were buying shares in copagnies on borrowed money, when debts were called in the stocks plummeted. "Black Thursday" - Stocks dropped below zero, people were ruined, many commited suicide. The boom from after the war came to a abrupt end. Most sectors of the economy were hit hard (Wheat Farners), there were massive lay offs and families bought as little as possible. -
World War 2
People were hesitant to join WW2 because they saw how awful WW1 was.
Canada went to war on their own accord at the begining but later on realized they didn't have enough volunteers and had another conscription crisis
There were war time restrictions (rations) and war orientated production.
Women increased participation.
There was a natural increase in population (immigration & baby boom) after the war. -
The Quiet Revolution
Began in Qc in 1960 with the electora defeat of the Union Nationale by Jean Lesage and his liberal party. This time marks a social, economic and political reform. It is also know as the begining of the walfare state, where we see a massive increase in government intervention (some good + some bad)
- Modernize Quebec's educational system
- Weaken the influence of the church
- Less blue collar (physical workers) and more white collar jobs (intellectual) -
Canada entered free trade agreements
1988 - Entered into trade agreements with the USA
1993 - (NAFTA) Entered free trade agreements with Mexico as well.
This shows the ever increasing effects of globalization.
