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Bureau of Indian Affairs
Agency of the federal government and one of two bureaus under the jurisdiction of the assistant secretary for indian affairs. Works with tribes and individual American Indians and Alaska Natives in the management of their trust lands, assets, and resources. Lead to the railroad act. -
Pacific Railroad Act 1862
Provided Federal subsidies in land and loans for the construction of a transcontinental railroad across the US. Authorized two railroad companies, The Union Pacific, and the Central Pacific, to construct the lines. Lead to the grant of land. -
Morrill Land- Grant Act 1862
Allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in the United States using the proceeds of federal land sales. Enacted during the Civil War and the Morrill Act of 1890. This provided colleges for the benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts and for native americans to have homes. -
Homestead Act of 1862
Enacted during the Civil War, and provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen can claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. The claimer had to improve the plot by building a dwelling and use the land for gardening. This provided no solution to poverty but farmers were able to afford to build a farm. This lead to the Exodusters to migrate to the west. -
Sand Creek Massacre
John Chivington attacked the Cheyenne Tribe killing 150-500 Native Americans in which 2/3 of them were women and children. The Arapaho Tribe was aslo attacked in this massacre. -
Exodusters
African Americans who migrated from states through the Mississippi River in the late 19th century. First general migration of black people following the cival war. -
Medicine Lodge Treaty, Chief Satanta, 1868
Three treaties signed near Medicine Lodge. Intended to bring peace to the area by relocating the Native Americans to reservations in Indian Territory and away from European-American settlement. Final report in 1868 concluded that the wars had been preventable. -
Crazy Horse and Red Cloud, Fort Laramie Treaty in 1868
Treaty was divided into 17 articles and established the Great Sioux Reservation. Set aside additional lands as ¨Unceded Indian Territory¨. It established that the US government would hold authority to punish not only whites but the tribe members. -
Great Sioux War, 1876-1881
Series of battles and negotiations which occurred in 1876 and 1877 between the Sioux, Cheyenne, and the US. Settlers began to intrude onto Native American lands, and the Sioux and Cheyenne refused to give up ownership to the U.S -
Little Big Horn, 1876
Most decisive Native American victory and the worst US army defeat in the entirety of Plains Indian War. This lead the Native Americans to be moved to the reserves. Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces and was killed along with many of his command. -
Chief Joseph Surrendered 1877
Chief Joseph and his tribe the Nez Perce surrendered to the US Army. The Nez Perce war was a fight for survival for the native people. The war ended when Chief Joseph surrendered to U.S. General Nelson A. Miles. -
Dawes Severalty Act, 1887
Authorized the President of the United States to split Native American tribal landholdings into allowments for Native American families. Opened up remaining Native land for budgeting of white settlers. -
Massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890
It was the last of the wars, Native Americans weren't willing to lose so many unnecessary lives for the cause. They continued to get mistreated and pushed off their land. Unclear who fired the first shot, but nonetheless a severe massacre would follow that gun shot, causing the loss of many lives.
