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Martin Luther King Jr.
Image He was a major player in the Civil Rights mov't and known throughout the world. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycotts on behalf of Rosa Parks. His famous "I Have a Dream" speech was announced during the March on Washington and he campaigned for voting rights in Selma, AL which led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Andrew Young
In 1961, he joined SCLC to work w/ MLK. He organized many desegregation campaigns such as the one in Selma. After MLK’s assassination, Young became the first African American to join Congress since the Reconstruction period. In 1981, Young became the mayor of ATL. -
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Benjamin Mays
image President of Morehouse College, ATL, Mays, an African American, was a significant mentor to MLK Jr. He was a leader in many African American organizations, including the NAACP. He was influenced by Gandhi in his ideas for the Civil Rights mov't. He enhanced Morehouse's academic reputation when he was the president. -
1946 Gov’r Race/End of the White Primary
The 1946 gubernatorial race happened when E. Talmadge was elected gov’r (as opposed to Ellis Arnall) but died before taking office. Arnall, the current gov’r, Lt. Gov’r M. Thompson, and H. Talmadge fought to be gov’r, but the Supreme Court steppe in and gave a special election which Talmadge won. The white primary was a system where only whites were allowed to vote in primary elections. -
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Herman Talmadge
He was the gov'r of GA 1947 and 1948-1954 and a US senator 1956-1980. He opposed civil rights legislation and was an army veteran. He took part in the 3-gov'rs contreversy. He was PROGRESSIVE gov'r and created the first sales tax, which helped w/ public education. However, he did not want to integrate schools. On the Senate, he represented GA's farming interest but also created the food stamp program. He definitely helped education and rural America. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This declared that segregated schools were unconstitutional (before, blacks were treated unfairly at schools). Before this, as a result of the Plessy v. Ferguson act, the other racist laws as well as Jim Crow laws were legal. -
1956 State Flag
It was in place from 1956-2001. GA's Gen. Assembly ratified the addition of this flag as a response to the Brown v. Board of Edu. decision which declared segregration in schools illegal. Segregationists were in favor of this b/c it rep. life before the Civil War, whilst desegregationists disproved of this b/c it symbolized slavery. -
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Sibley Commision
In 1955: the Gen. Assembly said that any GA school that integrated would have their state funds cut off. The Sibley Commision went around asking people to decide if they wanted to integrate schools. The overwhelming result was that ppl. would rather totally shut down the school system that integrate it. Private schools happened as a result of this. However, all schools in GA integrated in were 1968. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
In GA, SNCC's efforts were on Albany and ATL. They played an important role in sit-ins and the March on Washington. They were included in the Albany mov't and ATL was the center/headquarters for SNCC. -
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter to UGA
Holmes and Hunter desegregated UGA and Holmes was the first African American to be in the university's board of trustees. -
Albany Movement
This was from the fall of 1961 to spring of 1962. This was the 1st mass mov't in the Civil Right Era to try to desegregate the whole community and resulted in the mass jaling of blacks. SNCC decided to stage sit-ins but racial violence happened instead of cooperation. They failed to integrate the lunch counter but reflected and learned to do better- a successful failure. -
March On Washington
March on Washington Over 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington DC to show the country about the political and social changes that blacks still faced as well as to demand racial justice and equality. MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech became famous here and overall, the march was a success. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act Video This act ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination. It also created an Equal Employment Oppurtunity Commision that let aggrieved workers file lawsuits. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (prohibited ways to stop blacks from voting) and the Fair Housing Act of 1968 followed this act. -
Lester Maddox
His political career ended in 1971. Maddox was a segregationist GA gov'r that promised unsuccessfully to bring back the white primaries. He was a big supporter of edu. and expanded the school yr. to 9 months, even though he opposed the integration of GA's schools. However, Maddox changed his mind and became a desegregationist during his term. -
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Maynard Jackson
Ivan Allen and Maynard JacksonHe was the first African American to serve as a mayor in a major Southern city (ATL). He instituted affirmative action programs and also worked w/ Andrew Young to bring the 1996 Olympics to ATL. Jackson went to Morehouse College. In '68, he campaigned for Senator against H. Talmadge. He wanted to make smaller businesses get city contracts. He built the big, new terminal at Hartsfield JACKSON airport. He reformed the police department to get fair treatment of blacks.
