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History
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White Primary is abolished in GA
In 1946, Georgia was in a case ruling by the federal court that was in favor of Primus E. King. He was a black citizen who had tried to vote in Coumbus, but was denied from voting. The U.S. Circuit Court of takes action in New Orleans about the case and ruled that it violatied the 14th, 15th admendment. Democratic Party who was in court for the behavor refused to let the case drop without a fight, and tried to recive an overview from the Surpreme Court about the case, yet they were declined. -
White Primary Definition
White primary was a legal device that was once used to stop African Americans from voting in elections. -
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Integration of the Armed Forces
President Harry S. Truman banned segregation in the armed forces in 1948, yet before this had even occured, there were many events, meetings, and even a war to bring these men of different races together. President Truman signed this order because he believed that if these men were brought together as equals, then they would be even more powerful if the army wasn't segregated. -
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Brown vs. Board of Education
The Brown vs. Board of Education was a case that stated all schools needed to end segregation. Parents in Kansas wanted to enroll their children into school but were denied access, so instead they had to travel to a all black school. Oliver Brown, a minister, was the first one listed in the suit so they named it after him. Surpreme Court later looked over the case and ruled that it treated blacks unfairly. -
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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
On December 1, Rosa Parks, and African woman, was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white person while riding the bus. A huge protest broke out over the event that blacks decided to stop riding the bus, which in this case was terrible business for the bus fair because blacks were their main riders and brought most of the money in. It lasted till December 20, 1956 when a federal ruling, Browder v. Gayle was taken place. This was taken to Surpreme Court and was ruled unconstitutional. -
Change to Georgia's State Flag
In 1956 the Georgia Sate flag was changed. It had part of the old Confederate flag included on the newly made one. The makers of the flag were John Sammons Bell, Willis Harden, and Jefferson Lee Davis. They added part fo the Confederacy symbol because they believed it honored the centennial of the Civil War, yet people found this offense since a lot of people have judged Georgians from the pas tof the Civil War. -
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Crisis at Central High School and the“Little Rock Nine”
The "Little Rock Nine" were 9 black students who were the first black students to attend Little Rock Central High School in 1957. This was one of th first steps taken to create non-segregated public schools. On the first day of their arrival, a mob of students, plus the National Guard were there infront of the school's entrance blocking the way, not allowing the blacks to enter. This was all planned by governor Faubus. The black students ended up out of harms way, but did not attend that day. -
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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
On the 12 of October, fifty sticks of dynamite blasted the side fo the building. A call was recived last night by one of the members working there that a bombing would soon occur, yet the person took it as a joke, and would soon find out he should have listened. National States' Rights Party had bombed places that has blacks or Jews working for them. They called those people "aliens". -
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Sibley Commission
The Sibley Commission was a commite incharge of finding segregated schools and to report it back to the governor. One case they found was Ernest Vandiver Jr., who was the governor of Atlanta. He was forced to decided between closing public schools or desegregating them all. Segregation of schools in Atlanta was declared unconsitutional and was neeed to be fixed, yet the Subley Commission laid down a foundation to give them time to create a plan to desegregate all schools to avoid trouble. -
Sibley Commission Links
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Integration of The University of Georgia
Up until the 6 of January in 1961, UGA was segregated by state law and social tradition, until two African Americans named Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes were sent to UGA. The college wouldn't allow them to enter only because of their race. There had to be a better reason for the students not to attend the college, but one could not be found, so the students were able to attend on the 9 in January. -
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Freedom Rides
Freedom Rides were groups of people (whether they were black or white, young or old) who protested the segregated laws being made. They rode any kind of public transportation protesting in the South. At some times police arrested them, but most of the time they often let white mobs attack them. The Freedom RIders inspired other CIvil Right's Movements along the way with their protest later in the years. -
Albany Movement
The movement was around rural areas in Albany resulting in over 1,000 African American jalings. People like Martin Luther King were later drawn into the movement. These protest were to desegregate a entire community. Earlier is was declared that it was unconsitutional to be segregated, yet some African Americans wanted to test it, so they sat in the "whites section" in many areas and were arrested. This caused the 1,000 jailings from one officer who was one step ahead of them in this movement. -
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Birmingham, AL Protest
This movement was planned by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) fighting for equal rights for blacks in Birmingham. In some cases the protesters were harmed, fire hoses were used and blasted at protesters, and dogs were used to keep anyone who tried to stop them in line. -
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March on Washington DC
On a Wednesday, groups of civil rights, labor, and religious organizations gathered at Lincoln Memorial while Martin Luther King gave his famous speech, "I Have a Dream". 75%-80% of the people who were there were black while the rest were white. This march was for economic and civil rights for blacks. It was said that this march led to the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act for being passed. -
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16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed
10.22 a.m., a bomb killing 4 girls (Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesle) went off that day also injuring 23 others. Earlier that day, a white man was seen getting out of a truck and placing a white box underneth the stairs of the church. People blamed George Wallace, the Governor of Alabama, for the killings and the bomb, yet a week before the bombing he had told The New York Times that they needed to stop integration in Alabama. -
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John F. Kennedy Assassinated
At 12:30 p.m. John F. Kennedy was fatally shot while traveling with his wife, the governor of Texas, and the other governor's wife in a Presidental motorcar. They were traveling in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas at the time before the fire was shot. -
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Civil RIghts Act Passed
On July 2, the Civil Rights Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. This ended all racial segregation in the U.S., made schools unsegregated, and segregated facilities and workplaces. -
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Voting Rights Act Passed
The new Voting Rights Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson whp has recently signed the Civil Rights Act in 1964. This finally gave blacks the right to excrsies their vote without being stop or "not allowed" because of their color or race. -
Summerhill Race Riot
In 1966 there was a four day riot in Summerhill Atlanta when the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and their leader, Stokely Carmichael, were accused of starting the riot after a police brutality. One person died and twenty others were injured. -
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MLK Assassinated Links
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MLK Assassinated
On the 4th of April, Martin Luther King was assassinated while at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee when he was only 39 years old. He was killed by a man named James Earl Ray who was sentenced to 99 years in prison and died at the age of 70. -
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All GA Schools Integrated
The beginnig of integrated schools started with the Brown vs. Board of Education case. After the case, many had tried to stop the forming of integrated schools along the way. With blacks first arriving into all white schools, violence, mobs, and protest had broken out from the staff and students, but as the years continued on, all Georgia schools were soon integrated.
