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Civil Rights
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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott v. Sandford was a decision that said that the U.S. Constitution didn't give American citizenship to African Americans. They could not enjoy the rights and privileges the Constitution gave to American citizens. -
13th Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime and is known as one of the Civil War amendments. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment states that no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. This Amendment is considered to be one of if not the greatest amendment to the constitution. -
15th Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal government and each state from revoking someone's right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the reconstruction amendments. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal". This came after a black man was kicked off of a whites only train car because the other train car was "equal". -
19th Amendment
The Nineteenth Amendment prohibits the United States and its states from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. This recognized the right of women to vote. This gave all US citizens both men and women the right to vote. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a decision ruling that racial segregation in school was unconstitutional. This is even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality which goes against the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson. -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment prohibits both congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a civil rights and labor law that restricted discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. This was a major step in the process for African American rights. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action is a set of rules or practices to eliminate unlawful discrimination by a government or organization seeking to benefit marginalized groups. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed the racial voting practices that discriminated against blacks in the south after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. These tests were unfair and made it so minority Americans couldn't qualify to vote. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment is an amendment that would guarantee legal gender equality for women and men. However, the amendment never passed. The beginning of Roe v. Wade had an impact that led to some backlash against the ERA. -
Title IX
Title IX is a civil rights law in the United States that prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receives funding from the federal government. This includes womens sports where women had the same oppourtunities as men. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke was a case that dealt with race being a factor in the acceptance process for universities. They ruled that the minorities could take away opportunities from whites without being unconstitutional. This gave minorities more opportunities for education. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Bowers v. Hardwick was a case that ruled that the Constitution does not protect the right of gay adults to engage in private. This was the first major ruling against gay Americans. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is a civil rights law that protects people with disabilities in many areas of public life. This allows those with disabilities to parking and ramps to make life easier. -
Voter ID Laws
Voter ID Laws have been considered a lot recently as minorities want there equal representation. The concern of others is the safety at polls and knowing who is voting -
Shelby County v Holder
Shelby County v Holder was a case that changed a portion of the voting rights act of 1965 stating its formula is no longer used as a basis for subjecting jurisdictions to preclearance. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
Obergefell v. Hodges rules that same sex marriage was legal under the protection of the due process clause and equal protection clause which was an opposite ruling from that of Bowers v. Hardwick.