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Lower Canada Rebellion
Attempts of Francophones to secede from England (failed) -
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The Bagot Commission
Led to the "Act for the better protection of the Lands and Property of the Indians in Lower Canada," and the "Act for the protection of the Indians in Upper Canada from imposition, and the property occupied or enjoyed by them from trespass and injury." Established the concept of Status Indian vs. Non-Status Indian -
The Eaton Company
Founded in Toronto. First catalogue in 1884 to reach rural Canadians. Went bankrupt in 1999. -
Canada purchases Rupert's Land
Purchased from the Hudson's Bay Company. Done without consulting the people who lived in Rupert's Land (Aboriginals, Metis, Europeans etc.) The purchase was done quickly out of fear that the U.S. would buy it first. -
The Manitoba Act
Made Manitoba the fifth province of Canada. Stated that Métis lands would be protected but all other lands were the property of the Dominion of Canada. -
British Columbia joined Confederation
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PEI Joined Confederation
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The Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Explicit purpose of pacifying the prairies and smoothing relationships with Indigenous people by keeping them on reserve. Also worked to convince Indigenous people to sign the treaties. Coats were made red to provide visual contrast from U.S. army's blue coats. -
Calgary established
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The Indian Act
Introduced the ideas of "designated lands", "Indian", "reserve", "band", and "member of a band" -
Canadian Pacific Railway Competed
Facilitated immigration to the Pacific Coast -
The Chinese Head Tax
Enacted as soon as the Railway was completed. Prevented Chinese immigrants from settling. Used to try and make Canada a white country. Chinese immigrants had to pay an entrance fee to even come to Canada (price was increased over time). In 1923 they were prohibited entirely for over 30 years. -
The Pass System
Never an official amendment to the Indian Act. Stated indigenous people needed federal permission to leave the reserve for any reason. It was especially used in the Prairies, never really used in Ontario or Quebec. -
First Electric Streetcar
Installed in Windsor, Ontario -
Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA)
The first hockey league -
Declaration of War on Germany
Canada had no say in being involved in the war, automatically involved when Britain declared war. -
The Winnipeg General Strike
Resulted in serious concerns among Canadian authorities about the threat of Communist idea.s -
Residential Schools become mandatory for Aboriginal children
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The Halibut Treaty
Canada's first international agreement. -
Canada's exports to U.S. exceed those to Britain for the first time
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The Chinese Immigration Act
aka The Chinese Exclusion Act -
The Aird Commission
Established by the federal government to review public broadcasting, most of which was actually American commercial content. The commission recommended that broadcasting become a public monopoly. -
Black Tuesday
Stock markets crashed, would lead to the Great Depression -
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Female Employment
Number of Canadian women with full-time jobs increased from 600,000 to 1.2 million. -
The Statute of Westminster
Prohibited the British Parliament from declaring Canadian laws unconstitutional -
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF)
Founded in Calgary by farmers, socialists, academics and disappointed Liberals. The ancestor of the New Democratic Party of Canada. -
The Bank of Canada established
Established by PM R.B. Bennett -
The Social Credit Party
Alberta. Promoted the idea that the federal government should inject money into the economy by giving each adult a monthly "National Dividend" of $25. Won 56 seats out of 63 in the Alberta 1935 Election. -
The Union Nationale
Won Quebec Election, led by Maurice Duplessis. Was conservative and attacked socialist and trade unions. Ceased to exist in 1970 -
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)
Established by Mackenzie King's Liberals. Developed public broadcasting in both English and French -
Padlock Law
Introduced by the Union Nationale. Prohibited communist and Bolshevist gatherings. -
The Ogdensburg Agreement
Canada and the United States began sharing intelligence and military information to protect one another in case of war. Signed by PM Mackenzie King and President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
The Hyde Park Declaration
Agreement pertaining to wartime economy and the purchase of military equipment. Also signed by Mackenzie King and Roosevelt -
The Family Allowances Act
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The Kellock-Taschereau Royal Commission
Investigated allegations that Canadian Communists were providing intelligence to the Soviet Union. -
Arrest of Viola Desmond
Canada's Rosa Parks. Arrested for sitting in a whites-only section of a movie theatre in Nova Scotia. Was not pardoned until 2010. -
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The Baby Boom
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Newfoundland and Labrador join Confederation
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The Indian Act Revision
Indigenous cultural ceremonies no longer prohibited. Drinking alcohol on reserve legalized. By 1960, Indigenous people with "Indian Status" now had the right to vote. -
The Old Age Security Act
"Old-Age Security" a Universal Pension the federal government would pay to those over 70. -
The Unemployment Assistance Act
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The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act
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Creation of the Office de la langue française
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Creation of Ministry of Education
Headed by reformer Paul-Gérin Lajoie. Seen as the first step toward improving the position of Québécois in Canada. -
Queen Elizabeth II visits Quebec
The Queen was seen as a symbol of past colonialism and her visit was strongly opposed by Québécois. Large demonstrations and police brutality took place, the day is remembered as Samedi de la matraque. -
Canada-U.S. Automotive Products Agreement (the Auto Pact)
Signed by PM Lester B. Pearson. Created a single North American market for motor vehicles and parts. -
Creation of Caisse de Dépot et de Placement
A major instrument in the plans to develop the Quebec economy. -
The Canada Pension Act
An improvement on the Old-Age act of 1951. Quebec refused to be a part of this new pension program, instead demanding Ottawa to send the money to the Quebec government so it could establish its own pension program: Régime des rentes du Québec -
The Medical Care Act
Established by Lester B. Pearson's government. Officially created a universal health care system in Canada. Implemented in all provinces by 1972. -
Creation of the first CEGEPs in Quebec
CEGEP (Collège d'enseignement général et professionel) -
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PM Pierre-Elliott Trudeau's first term
Played an important role in making Canada bilingual and multicultural. He defined modern Canadian national identity -
Metric Conversion introduced
Canadian temperatures changed from Fahrenheit to Celsius (1975)
Road measurements changed from Miles to Kilometres (1977)
Gasoline pumped in Litres (1979)
Real estate never bothered to change -
Federal Government officially adopts Multiculturalism Policy
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The First Nations University of Canada
Until 2003 was named the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College. Now part of the University of Regina. -
The Referendum
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PM Pierre-Elliott Trudeau's second term
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Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom's promotes multiculturalism
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Proclamation of the Constitution Act
Provided Canada with complete authority over its constitution. Symbolizes Canada's journey from colony to independent nation. -
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PM Brian Mulroney's term
Progressive-Conservative Party -
Canadian Multiculturalism Act passed
Passed by federal government. Many Quebecois uncomfortable with multiculturalism, feel it downplays the contribution of French-Canadian culture to the development of Canada -
The Oka Crisis
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NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement. Created a huge free trade zone. -
WTO (The World Trade Organization)
The only global international organization dealing with rules of trade between nations. -
The Royal Commission on Aboriginal People
Over 4,000 pages. Suggested giving Aboriginal people power over their own land, resources, and commodities. Has yet to be implemented. -
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PM Stephen Harper's term
Conservative Party