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Quebec's Padlock Law
-Passed by the Union Nationale (Quebec government) on March 24, 1937, inended to prevent the dissemination of communist propaganda.
-Officially called "Act to protect the Province Against Communistic Propaganda"
-Prevented people from using property to produce Comminist propoganda.
-A violation of the Act subjected such property to being ordered closed for a period of up to one year, and any person involved could be incarcerated for three to thirteen months.
-In the 1957 the law was dropped. -
The Gouzenko Affair
-Igor Gouzenko was a intelligence worker in the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa.
-Gouzenko learnt that the Soviet Intelligence operated spy networks all over Canada.
-These spy networks were responsible for stealing warhead blueprints.
-On September 5th, 1945, Gouzenko defected to Canada.
-He gave the Canadian government 109 documents which exposed the responsibel Soviet spies.
-Many Canadians viewed him as courageous. When Gouzenko appeared in public he always wore a hood to protect his identity. -
The Berlin Blockade
-24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control in an attempt to force them to give up their rights to occupy West Berlin.
-The Allies organised an airlift, and delivered much needed food to West Berlin's civilians.
-The blockade failed overall, yet succeeded in raising tensions between the USSR and its former allies. -
International Alliances: NATO and the Warsaw Pact
-In 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation was formed because of the concern against the USSR's open commitment to spread Communism. Its founding members were Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxemborg, the Netherland, Norway, Portugal and the US.
-In retaliation, the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact. It was signed on the 14th May 1955. It included Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR. -
The Forgotten War
-Took place on the 25th June, 1950 – 27th July, 1953
-1950, Communist North Korea decided to attack South Korea, supported by the US and Canada.
- The UN called on its members to help South Korea.
-Canada ranked 3rd in total aid.
Nearly 25000 Canadians saw action. Over 1000 were wounded, and 406 killed.
-1953, a truce was made between North and South Korea.
-Canadian troops stayed in Korea until 1955 to help maintain the uneasy truce. -
UN Peacekeeping
-26 July 1956, Egyptian President declared the Suez Canal as Egyptian.
-Britain and France, pre-owners of the canal, agreed with Israel to regain control, and attacked.
-The conflict occurred 29 October – 7 November 1956.
-Lester Pearson, Canada's secretary of state for external affairs presented an idea.
-It called for an immediate cease-fire, and the creation of a special UN peacekeeping force.
Canada provided 800 soldiers to the plan.
1957, Pearson won the Nobel Prize for Peace -
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The Vietnam War
Draft Dodgers: The anti-Vietnam war movement rises-December 1956– 30 April 1975
-Canadian aid during the war went only to South Vietnam. It totalled $29 million from 1950-75 and was routed through the COLOMBO PLAN and the Canadian Red Cross.
-500 Canadian firms sold $2.5 billion of war material.
-Ten thousand young Canadian men fought in the US armed forces in the war. At the same time 20,000 American draft-dodgers and 12,000 army deserters found refuge in Canada from military service in Vietnam -
Continental Alliances: NORAD amd the DEW line
-12 September 1957, the North American Air Defence (NORAD) agreement was established, meaning that the US and Canada agreed to defend each other.
-Canada permitted the US to build the Distant Early Warning System in the Northwest Territories, otherwise known as the DEW line. It detects airbourne objects, such as warheads.
-Canadian pacifists were convinced that the stage was set for a nuclear war fought over Canada. Other Canadians took comfort in a united detterence against foreign agression. -
Sputnik and Canada's space program
-On 4 October 1957, Soviets launched the first man man satellite into orbit. It was named Sputnik 1.
-The rocket that put Sputnik into orbit could also be used to deliver a nuclear bomb to any spot in North America. This fact eventually led to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
-Canada, five years later on 29 September 1962, launched its own satellite, names Alouette 1. -
The Avro Arrow and its Cancellation
First Flight of the Avro Arrow
-First flown 25 March 1958.
-The Avro Arrow was a supersonic jet interceptor, designed to carry air-to-air nuclear-tipped missiles to destroy Soviet bomb attacks. It was faster and more advanced than any other comparable aircraft at the time.
-Because of the introduction of long-range missiles, the need for bomber planes fell, and the Avro Arrow project was cancelled. -
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis Documentary-October 14 – 28, 1962 (naval blockade of Cuba ended November 20, 1962)
-Soviet Union decided to build a missile launch on Cuba.
-US aeroplanes took photos of the Soviet missile base being built on Cuban.
-Missiles could be accurately launched from Cuba to his any major city in North America.
-The US navy formed a blockade around the island, preventing Soviet ships from delivering warheads.
-The Soviet ships turned back before reaching the island
-The Cuban Missile Crisis was over. -
Diefenbaker, Bomarc missiles and nuclear warheads in Canada
The Bomarc Missiles were supersonic interceptors for Cold War air defense.
The Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker initially agreed to deploy the missiles, and scrapped the Avro Arrow.
31 December 1963 its Canadian command squadron became functional.
By 1960 it became known that the missiles were to have a nuclear payload, causing protests throughout Canada.
The Bomarc squadron disbanded on 31 March 1972, ending the -
Canada-Soviet Hockey Series
USSR-Canada Summit Series commemorated in Moscow -An eight-game series of ice hockey between the Soviet Union and Canada
-Game 1 held September 2 1972
-The series was played at the height of the Cold War, and intense feelings of nationalism were displayed in both Canaiansa and the people of the Soviet Union -
The Fall of the Soviet Union
The Fall of the Soviet UnionMarch 11, 1985 – December 26, 1991
-Republics of the USSR started to claim their right to independence.
September 1991, Soviet Union recognized the independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president.
December 31, 1991 all official Soviet institutions had stopped to function in different "republics" of the Soviet Union. -
The Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Fall of the Berlin Wall-German tourists from East Germany escape through Hungary and into Austria.
-East German government responded by disallowing any further travel to Hungary.
-Protest demonstrations broke out all over East Germany in September 1989
-9 November, it was announced that the Wall gates would open. Starting that evening and in the days and weeks that followed, people came to the wall with sledgehammers or otherwise hammers and chisels to chip off souvenirs, demolishing lengthy parts of it in the process
