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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology)[1] with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh -
Zacharias and Hans Janssen
Dutch spectacle-maker from Middelburg credited with inventing the first microscope. Although Zacharias Jansen's life was previously documented, -
Microscope
A microscope (from the Greek: μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. -
Robert Hooke
His interests knew no bounds, ranging from physics and astronomy, to chemistry, biology, and geology, to architecture and naval technology -
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
Antony van Leeuwenhoek was an unlikely scientist. A tradesman of Delft, Holland, he came from a family of tradesmen, had no fortune, received no higher education or university degrees, and knew no languages other than his native Dutch. This would have been enough to exclude him from the scientific community of his time completely. Yet with skill, diligence, an endless curiosity, and an open mind free of the scientific dogma of his day -
Austopsy
An autopsy—also known as a postmortem examination, necropsy (particularly as to non-human bodies), autopsia cadaverum, or obduction—is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. -
Theodor Schwann
He showed that yeast were tiny plant-like organisms, and suggested that fermentation was a biological process. Schwann was a master microscopist who examined animal tissue, specifically working on notochord development in tadpoles -
Cells
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life.[1] Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including most bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals). -
Charles Darwin
He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding -
Ernst Ruska
Ruska was born in Heidelberg. He was educated at the Technical University of Munich from 1925 to 1927 and then entered the Technical University of Berlin, where he posited that microscopes using electrons, with wavelengths 1000 times shorter than those of light, could provide a more detailed picture of an object than a microscope utilizing light, in which magnification is limited by the size of the wavelengths. In 1931, he demonstrated that a magnetic coil could act as an electron lens, and used -
C.F Wollf
C.F. Wolff's views on variability and heredity are analyzed. Attention is focused on his treatise Objecta meditationum pro theoria monstrorum published in 1973. The findings do not completely coincide with B.E. Rajkov's conclusions as to Wolff's anticipation of some theses of modern genetics and the theory of evolution. In addition, the case for the transformism elements in Wolff's work is argued -
Indigenous understanding of health and medicine
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have poor health compared to other Australians, and their life expectancy is 17 years less than that of other Australians. In addition, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have difficulty obtaining medicines and therefore use them much less than other Australians. -
Andreas Vesalius
was a Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body) -
Human Genome
he human (Homo sapiens) genome is the complete set of human genetic information, stored as DNA sequences within the 23 chromosome pairs of the cell nucleus, and in a small DNA molecule within the mitochondrion. The haploid human genome (as represented in egg and sperm cells) consists of three billion DNA base pairs, while the diploid genome (as represented in somatic cells) has twice the DNA content