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Nationality Act of 1906
The Nationality Act of 1906 is an act that the United States Congress signed into law under Theodore Roosevelt that required immigrants to learn English in order to become naturalized citizens. -
Mendez v Westminster
This case set the precedent for demanding social equality in U.S. public education, regardless of ethnicity. -
Bilingual Education Act
The purpose of the Bilingual Education Act was to provide school districts with federal funds, such as grants, to establish innovative educational programs for students with limited English speaking skills. -
Lau v Nichols
A civil rights lawsuit brought up against the San Francisco school district concerning the lack of english language instruction for Chinese immigrant students. The outcome was that all students should be given the same education regardless of language deficiencies including equal faciitlies, books, teachers and curriculum. -
Equal Educational Opportunities Act - EEOA
This act prohibits the denial of equal educational opportunity based on race, color, sex or national origin. It stated that students shall be bused to the school nearest their homes unless a transfer would benefit the child academically such as having access to a bilingual teacher. -
National Association for Bilingual Education
Established in 1975, the National Association for Bilingual Education advocated for the needs of CLP students, and emphasizes the importance of providing all children with access to a quality education. -
Casteneda v Pickard
This case was important because it established guideline criteria for a program that serves LEP students. The principles are as follows:
-It must be based on “a sound educational theory.”
-It must be “implemented effectively,” with adequate resources and personnel.
-After a trial period, it must be evaluated as effective in overcoming language handicaps -
Plyler v Doe
In this case, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down a state statute that denied funding for education of illegal immigrant children. It also simultaneously struck down a municipal school district's attempt to charge illegal immigrants an annual $1,000 tuition fee for each illegal immigrant student that was to attend public school. -
Improving America's Schools Act - IASA
Major part of the Clinton administration's efforts to reform education by expanding the Elementary and Secondary Education Act by another 5 years. It authorized the government to plug appx. $11 billion dollars into K-12th grade federal education programs. -
English Only Movement - California Proposition 227
Voters in California voted for and passed Proposition 227, also known as "English for the Children" or the Unz Initiative. This proposition banned bilingual education or instruction in any language other than English in all California public schools. -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law on January 8, 2002. It was designed to close the achievement gap between disadvantaged students and their peers. This act calls for greater accountability for assessment results in all K-12 grades.
