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Period: 384 BCE to 322
Aristotle
Biography: Was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He was the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. -
Period: 350 to 370
Hypatia
Biography: Was a Hellenistic Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician, who lived in Alexandria, Egypt, then part of the Eastern Roman Empire. She was a prominent thinker of the Neoplatonic School in Alexandria where she taught philosophy and astronomy. -
Period: 1473 to 1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Biography
Copernicus is considered the founder of modern astronomy, so as to establish the foundations that will permeate Galileo and Isaac Newton from culminating the astronomical revolution. On 29 December 1566 at the age of 20, Tycho lost part of his nose in a sword duel with a fellow Danish nobleman
Important discoveries
Nicolaus Copernicus developed his own celestial model of a heliocentric planetary system. -
Period: 1546 to
Tyco Brahe
Biography
Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer. Brahe's designed instruments allowed him to measure the positions of stars and planets with far greater accuracy than at the time. He was an inspiring back to Kepler.
Important discoveries
Tycho Brahe proposed a model in which the Earth was at the center of the Universe, but with the planets revolving around the Sun. -
Period: 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
Biography
Galileo was an Italian astronomer, mathematician, physicist, philosopher and professor who made pioneering observations of nature with long-lasting implications for the study of physics. Important discoveries
He built a telescope to help him study the sky. Galileo was the first to discover that the Moon has mountains like Earth. He also discovered 4 moons of Jupiter. Using his telescope, Galileo made many observations of our Solar System. -
Period: 1571 to
Johannes Kepler
Biography
Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician. He was an assistant of thev astronomer Tycho Brahe. During his career, Kepler was a math teacher at a seminary school in Graz, Austria.
Important discoveries
He discovered the laws on the movement of the planetsand the heliocentrism that shaped his works New Astronomy and Harmonices Mundi. It also provided one of the bases for the theory of universal gravitation elaborated by Isaac Newton. -
Period: to
Giovanni Domenico Cassini
Biography
Giovanni Domenico Cassini was a Genoese astronomer revolutionary in his time. Important discoveries. In 1650, at the age of only 25, he became professor of astronomy at the University of Bologna, becoming professor.
It is known above all for discovering 4 moons in the orbit of Saturn to establish a fairly accurate distance over the Earth and the Sun and the Cassini division found in the rings of Saturn. -
Period: to
Edmond Halley
Biography
Edmond Halley(1656-1742) was an English mathematical and physical astronomer. He moved to the island of Santa Elena to observe the stars of the sky and to study them.
Important discoveries
He is known for studying the calculation of the orbit of Halley's comet. The comet was named in honor of its discoverer the astronomer Edmond Halley -
Period: to
William Herschel
Biography
He was the most popular and famous astronomer of his time. When he was young, he worked as a musician in a military band like his father and brother, at the age 35 interested in astronomy and learned to build telescopes and observe the night sky.
Important discoveries
He was the first to discover the farthest planet of his time, which is the next after Saturn, what is Uranus in 1781, after he discovered the new Uranus satellites called Tania and Obero -
Period: to
Pierre-Simon Laplace
Biography
He was an astronomer and a fantastic French mathematician and physicist and with 24 years called him the Newton of France is recognized for his great studies of physics.
Important discoveries
Determine their brilliant studies on physics phenomenon where electromagnetism is present in space, also elaborate the nebular hypothesis I also elaborate the theory of probability and algebra now a days they are used. -
Period: to
Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers
Biography: Olbers was born in Germany to be a physician at Göttingen. While he was at Göttingen, he studied mathematics.
Discoveries: In 1779, while attending to a sick fellow student, he devised a method of calculating cometary orbits which made an epoch in the treatment of the subject. -
Period: to
William Huggins
Biography: William Huggins was born at Cornhill, Middlesex, in 1824. In 1875, he married Margaret Lindsay, daughter of John Murray of Dublin, who also had an interest in astronomy and scientific research. She encouraged her husband's photography and helped to put their research on a systematic footing.
Discoveries: He and his wife carried out extensive observations of the spectral emission lines and absorption lines of various celestial objects. -
Period: to
George Ellery Hale
Biography: Was an American solar astronomer
Discoveries: He discovered magnetic fields in sunspots, and as the leader or key figure in the planning or construction of several world-leading telescopes; namely, the 40-inch refracting telescope at Yerkes Observatory, 60-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, 100-inch Hooker reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson, and the 200-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Palomar Observatory -
Period: to
Edwin Hubble
Biography: Was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology and is regarded as one of the most important astronomers of all time.
Discoveries: Hubble discovered that many objects previously thought to be clouds of dust and gas and classified as "nebulae" were actually galaxies beyond the Milky Way. -
Period: to
Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Baade
Biography: Was a German astronomer who worked in the United States from 1931 to 1959.
Discoveries: There in 1920 he discovered 944 Hidalgo, the first of a class of minor planets now called Centaurs which cross the orbits of giant planets. He identified supernovae as a new category of astronomical objects.
Problems with church: He had no problems with the church -
Period: to
Stephen Hawkings
Biography: Was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.
Discoveries: Hawking's scientific works included a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation.