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Dred Scott vs Sandford
This case involved a slave from Missouri Dred Scott and his master. Mr. Scott escaped his master and resided in Illinois. While residing in his new residence is owner tracked him down and captured him. Scott said that since he now lived in a state that was a free state he was inherently free as well. The supreme court ruled that no black man was a citizen so Article III of the constitution did not protect him. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment is the declaration that slavery and involuntary servitude was no longer constitutional and those who chose to continue with the implementation of this would be violating the victims right and therefore be convicted of a crime. -
14th Amendment
No person can take away the a person's right to property, life, or liberty, without due process. No person can be denied council and original jurisdiction due to poverty or any other circumstance. -
15th Amendment
This amendment allowed African men to vote in United States Elections. This amendment also installed the precedent ruling that the right to vote shall not be infringed upon based on race. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson established the separate but equal clause. This Court case was established as the protests about segregation were becoming more prominent. The court stated in one of their most frowned upon moments that separate but equal was okay. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment granted women across the country the right to vote. This amendment stated that the right to vote shall not be infringed upon based off the basis of sex. This amendment created a huge milestone for womens rights. -
Brown v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson. The Court's decision marked a turning point, declaring that segregation in public schools was unequal and unconstitutional. -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment is when the government abolished the use of the poll tax. This occurred during the civil rights movement as many claimed it was a discriminatory action against the African American race who didn't necessarily have the means to cover that tax. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act was passed with the intention to end any kind of discriminations against a certain group. This included race, sex, religion, color, and ethnicity. This act abolished any outright discrimination in any public place. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act aimed to get rid of racial discrimination in voting. It banned literacy tests and poll taxes that were discriminatory. It also provided oversight of voter registration in areas with a history of discrimination. -
Affirmative Actions
These policies were designed to go against discrimination of marginalized groups by providing preferential treatment in education and employment. -
Title IX
This was a proposed to prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender in the educational environment that received funding and aid from the federal government. This insured equal protection and opportunities over men and women in educational activities even athletics. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This was the amendment that further continued the intentions of the Civil Rights act. This amendment was proposed to created a constitution against discrimination. It failed to be passed and implemented in the US constitution. -
Regents of the University of California v. Blakke
This was a case that was sent all the way to the supreme court and addressed universities plans to disregard affirmative action in admissions towards the university. They ruled that racial quotas were unconstitutional but that the factor of race in admissions was okay as it promoted diversity. -
Bowers V. Hardwick
This was a case that also when to the supreme court that stated it was unconstitutional to monitor same-sex sexual activity and deny those persons the right. The court reinstated the constitutionality of these "anti-sodomy" laws. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act doesn't allow discrimination against people with disabilities from being discriminated in public places/ accommodations, employment, transportation, and telecommutes. requires reasonable accommodations for all of these places as well. -
Voter ID Laws
These were laws that were created to require photo id at the voting polls in order to vote to prevent fraudulent activity. This law was criticized due to the implementation of discrimination against those who do not have a license. -
Shelby County v Holder
This was a Supreme Court case that failed to pass about making changes to the 1965 Voting rights Act. This established a way for jurisdictions that had in the past had voter discriminations to seek federal approval before they were allowed to revise voter laws. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
This was a Supreme Court case that created the legal eligibility for same-sex couples to get married. The court made this decision of the basis that 14th amendment requires all states to grant marriages for same-sex couples. This was a huge milestone in terms of LBGTQ+ representation in the United States government.