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Revolts in Latin America
Beginning in 1810 with Argentina, Latin America moved in the direction of liberation from European control. Simon Bolivar led Latin American's to independence in Venezuela and Colombia. José de San Martín lead Peru and Chile to freedom. The two liberators then joined together to defeat the last significant Spanish military stationed in Mexico. By 1825, Portugal recognized Brazilian independance. Both Britain and USA took steps to avoid European involvement in the revolts. -
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a meeting of political leaders that wished to establish a alliance with a conservative agenda to prevent another event like the French Revolution or the threat of Napoleon's empire. The conservative order was originally composed of Great Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia. -
Bourbon Dynasty Restored in France
One of the conservative choices made by the Quadruple Alliance was the restoration of the monarchy in France. This was accomplished by putting Louis XVIII into power. -
Bourbon Dynasty Restored in Spain
Yet another part of the Quadruple Alliance's agenda was the restoration of the monarchy in Spain under Bourbon ruler Ferdinand VII. -
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Greek Revolt
In 1821, Greece revolted against the Ottomans. This revolt was, in contrast to the other revolts of the era, supported by the Quadruple Alliance and Britain and France both sent forces to defeat the Ottomans. -
Revolutions in Belgium, Poland and Italy
Of the three, only the revolt in Belgium was successful. In Belgium, the Dutch were outset and a constitutional monarchy was put into power. Russia crushed the revolts in both Poland and Italy. -
July Revolution
When French ruler Charles X issued the July Ordinances, censoring the press and dissolving the legislative assembly, there was an instant uprising. Charles X was forced to flee to Britain and a new monarch, Louis-Philippe. -
The Revolutions of 1848
There were many revolts in 1848, some of which were met with success and others that ended in failure. The revolt in the German states failed, as did those in Austria and Hungary. The revolt in France was somewhat of a success when it succeeded in establishing a Second Republic. -
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Crimean War
This war was fought because of aggressive actions taken by the Russians and resulted in the end of the Concert of Europe and the Black Sea becoming a neutral territory upon Russian defeat.