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By sabrinaarr
  • Period: Jan 1, 1400 to

    Age of Exploration

  • Period: Jan 1, 1400 to

    Reformation

  • Jan 1, 1430

    Religious Wars- Witch Hunt

    Witches were defined as people who worked for the devil and could somehow injure other animals and people. Many people were executed because they were thought to be withces.
  • Jan 1, 1450

    Age of Exploration- Age of Discovery

    Voyages overseas lead to dicovering of new lands. Prince Henry the Navigator opened a school for sailing ships and learning how to read maps.
  • Jan 1, 1453

    Religious Wars- European Slavery

    Black slavery originated with the end of white slavery. Slaves were used for labor in new sugar-producing settlements and the first slaves were brought to Brazil.
  • Oct 12, 1492

    Age of Exploration- Columbus

    Spain finances Christopher Columbus' voyage to find a western trade route to Asia. He really lands in the Caribbean.
  • Jan 1, 1500

    Age of Exploration- Changed attitudes in exploration age

    Status of women declined and catholics did not believe in divorcing while protestants could. Prostitution was very usual and brothels were licensed.
  • Nov 20, 1500

    Scientific Revolution- Copernican Hypothesis

    Copernicus the astronomer claimed that earth revolved around the sun and the sun was the center of the universe. His theory doubted Christianity beliefs.
  • Jan 1, 1510

    Age of Exploration- Technological Exploration

    Cannons, caravel ships, magnetic compasses and astrolabe aided expansion.
  • Jan 1, 1515

    Religious Wars- Difficulties in France

    France was recovering from diseases and disorder. The war between France and Emperor Charles V (Habsburg-Valois War) were very expensive.
  • Jan 1, 1516

    Religious Wars- Concordat of Bologna

    This was signed by Francis, who sold public offices to raise money. He awknoledged the supremacy of the papacy in return for the right to appoint French bishops.
  • Jan 1, 1517

    Age of Exploration- Protestantism

    Protestantism was adopted by the English ruling class in Ireland.
    The Irish people that were Catholic remained that faith.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1524 to

    Religious Wars

  • Jan 1, 1525

    Reformation- English Reformation

    The Lollards really stressed the fact that there needed to be a close relationship between yourself and God.
    William Tyndale (english humanist) printed the New Testament in English.
  • Aug 29, 1533

    Religious Wars- Pizarro

    Francisco Pizarro captures the Inca emperor and executes him. Most of South America was added to Spain's empire.
  • Jan 1, 1540

    Reformation- Catholics

    2 types of reform in the Catholic church was that the Catholic Reformation wanted to produce a new religious fervor. It all started becuase of the reaction to Protestantism.
  • Jan 1, 1540

    Reformation- Counter-Reformation

    Popes were busy with politics and sensual pleasures. They did not want to reform the general council because it would limit their authority.
  • Jan 1, 1542

    Reformation- Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office

    A group established by Pope Paul III followed through with the Roman Inquisition to stop heresy (oponion contrary to Christians). This gave the power to arrest and execute.
  • Jan 1, 1543

    -Scientific Revolution- Scientific Revolution

    The major change in world views and the main key to the development in the Western society. Early beliefs of the scientific revolution were based off of Aristotelian-medieval ideas.
  • Jan 1, 1543

    Scientific Revolution- Causes of Scientific Rev

    The Renaissance stimulated science by rediscovering ancient math. The navigational problems of sea voyages promoted scientific research and new instruments.
  • Jan 1, 1545

    Reformation- Council of Trent

    Pope Paul III failed to reconcile with Protestants. He still kept his authority and the renewal of the church began.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1550 to

    Scientific Revolution

  • Jan 1, 1559

    Religious Wars- Spanish-French War

    The war finally ended with a Spanish victory which lead to many European wars. The wars now used gunpowder and had bigger armies.
  • Jan 1, 1560

    Reformation- Church of Scotland

    Scotland had much corruption and abuse in the cleregy. John Knox was the one who brought Calvinism to Scotland from Geneva. In turn, the Presbyterian church became the national church.
  • Jan 1, 1560

    Reformation- Reformations

    The reformation brought continuity and revolution. The church was engaged before and after Luther's actions.

  • Religious Wars- Netherland Revolt

    The revolt of the Netherlands involved the splitting of the north protestant (ruled by commercial aristocracy) and the Catholic south (ruled by landed nobility). Wars in the Low Countries was a detriment to the English economy.

  • Religious Wars- French Civil Wars

    There were many religious riots and the French nobility which was made up of mostly Calvinists, tried to gain the power back from weak monarchs.
  • Period: to

    Absolutism in Western Europe

  • Period: to

    Absolutism in Easten Europe

  • Reformation- Lutheranism

    Monarchs led thereformation of religion in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Resulting in Lutheran state churches.

  • Religious Wars- Edict of Nantes

    This saved France from further civil war because King Henry IV allowed Protestants to worship.

  • Religious Wars- Art/ Music

    Baroque art and music promoted emotional and exuberant senses to apply to one's faith and churchgoers. The baroque style boomed in Italy.

  • Scientific Revolution- Consequences of the Scientific Rev.

    A scientific community emerged whose primary goal was to expand knowledge. Yet the revolution had little effect on the daily life before the 19th century.
  • Period: to

    Expansion of Europe

  • Period: to

    Changing Life of the People

  • Absolutism In Western Europe- Dutch East India Company

    Wealthy merchants found the Dutch East India Company which pushes them to be the greatest European commercial power in the east even more.

  • Absolutism in Eastern Europe- Time of Troubles

    In this time period there were many invsions such as Sweden and Poland armies invading. There was no heir/ relatives of the tsar fought with each other.

  • Scientific Revolution- Galileo

    Galileo discovered laws of motion using the expiremental method. He also this to astronomy with the newly invented telescope.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Dutch West India Company

    Traded mostly in Latin America and Africad and mainly cut alot into the Portuguese trading in East Asia. The wages were pretty high so people were eating well.

  • Scientific Revolution- Bacon

    Bacon advocated empirical and expiremental research.He linked science with material progress,

  • Reformation- Counter-Reformation

    The Catholic church did not like science and Protestants were very for science.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Westphalia

    Peace of Westphalia ended the religious wars. It also ended the idea of a unified Christian society.

  • Religious Wars- The Thirty Years' War

    War in Germany was caused by the Protestant Bohemian revolt over religious freedom. Ferdinand II wiped out Protestantism in Bohemia and there were many phases of the war: Danish (1625-1629), Swedish (1630-1635) and French (1635-1648).

  • Religious Wars- Royal Absolutism In England

    James I was very into the idea of ruling by divine right. This meant that the right of rules derived directly from God.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- The English Civil War

    Members of the Parliament attempted to limit royal power because they believed that taxation without consent was considered despotism.

  • Absolutism in Eastern Europe- Serfdom

    Serfdom was re-established in Poland, Prussia and Russia between 1500 and 1650. Serfdom also brought forth the growth of the estate agriculture.

  • Scientific Revolution- Descartes

    He stressed mathematics and deductive reasoning.His method states that all assumptions had to be proven on the basis of known facts.

  • Age of Enlightment- Age of Enlightment

    Intellectual and cultural movement that linked the scientific revolution with the new world views.

  • The Public during the Enlightenment

    The French language was the international language of the educated classes of Europe. France became Europe's wealthiest state.
  • Period: to

    Age of Enlightment

  • Englightment- Emergence of Enlightment

    The growth of world travel led Europeans to look at the truth and morality in relative terms.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Treaty of Pyrenees

    This treaty ended the French-Spanish wars. Spain was the great power and Spain had gotten over its past of slavery and gold and silver.

  • Expansion of Europe- Leadership

    Low Countries and England led in intensive farming. The Dutch lead was due to the need to feed a growing population.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- The Test Act

    Regulated that only the Church of England members could vote, hold office, preach/teach and assemble but that the restrictions could not be enforced.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Louis followed through

    Louis continued to follow Richelieu's expansionist policy. With the treaty of Nijmegen, he gained many Flemish towns and Franche-Comte.

  • Changing Life of the People- Schooling

    Formal education was important for upper classes in the 16th century. Education for common people did not begin until the 17th and 18th centuries. Protestant Prussia led the way in universal education.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Strasbourg

    Louis XIV took Strasbourg in 1681. All the land he had been conquering had started to accumulate.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Lorraine

    King Louis also conquered Lorraine. The limits of his expansion had been met.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Louis XIV

    King Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes but then destroyed Protestant schools and churches which caused alot of Protestants to leave the country. He did this because he did not like the division within France.

  • Scientific Revolution- Newton

    He formulated new mathematical laws to explain motion and the key was universal gravitation. He combined astronomy and physics to discover his laws.

  • Abolutism in Eastern Europe- Tsar

    The tsar (Prince of Moscow) became the only hereditary ruler of the eastern Slavs. Ivan the Terrible was an autocratic tsar who expanded Muscovy. He murdered boyars and took their estates.

  • The Enlightenment- Montesquieu

    He had a theory of separation of powers and it was very influential. He believed the separation should be divided into executive, legislative and judicial.

  • Absolutism in Eastern Europe- Ottoman

    The attack on Austria in 1683 by the Ottomans was turned back and the Habsburgs conquered the entire land of Hungary and Transylvania.

  • Absolutism in Eastern Europe- Development of Russia

    Russia and the West became different and Russia's development was closer to the West's development. Ivan III didn't awknowledge the Mongol khan as supreme ruler and assumed headship of Orthodox Christianity.

  • Absolutism in Eastern Europe- Northern War

    Peter the Great wanted to attack Sweden becuase they had become a very strong power in northern Europe. Russia won in the end becuase they had a bigger population.

  • Enlightenment- Voltaire

    He challanged Catholic theology. He believed that the state and the church should be separated.

  • Changing Life of the People- Open Field Systems

    These were developed in the Middle Ages. It divided the land into few large fields that were cut up into long, narrow strips. There was always arable land left fallow.

  • Putting-Out System

    This system made rural workers produce cloth in their own houses for merchant-capitalists who supplied the raw materials and paid for the finished goods. This reduced problems of rural unemployment.

  • Changing Life of the People- Surgeons

    Surgeons made alot of progress during this time. They were able to get extra practice on their skills out on the battlefield except it wasn't as sanitary because they were working in the dirt.

  • War of Spanish Succession

    This war was created because of the succession to the Spanish throne. Louis claimed Spain but was opposed by the Dutch, English, Austrians and Prussians.

  • Absolutism in Eastern Europe- St. Petersburg

    St. Petersburg became one of the biggest and most influential cities that had baroque style in its layout. Peasants were the ones who constructed most of the city.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Navigation Acts

    This Act was a form of economic warfare. Goods were to be exported to England on British ships. These acts gave England virtual trade monopoly with its colonies.

  • Absolutism in Eastern Europe- Pragmatic Sanction

    Charles VI stated that the Habsburg possesions were to never be divided. There must also be an heir who could be female.

  • Absolutism in Western Europe- Absolutism in France

    Once the French nobility regained its power lost under Louis XIV, the Parlement of Paris won 2 victories against taxation.

  • Expansion of Europe- Townsend

    Viscount Charles Townsend was on the the pioneers of English agricultural improvement.

  • Changing Life of the People- Marriage

    Before 1750, women never married. But when poverty and local law and tradition were effaced, people could commonly get married at age 27.

  • Expansion of Europe- Jethro Tull

    English inventor who invented the seed drill and selective breeding. He used horses for plowing and drilling equipment for sowing seeds.

  • Expansion of Europe- Frederick the Great of Prussia

    He used the war of the Austrian Succession to expand Prussia into a great power by seizing Silesia. He allowed religious freedom and promoted education.

  • Expansion of Europe- Population Explosion

    Poplulation growth caused famine, disease and war. The growth resulted from fewer deaths to plague.

  • Changing Life of the People- Potato

    The potato improved the poor people's diet.The potato replaced the grain as the primary food in the 18th century.

  • Changing Life of the People- Hospitals

    Patients were crowded and there was often one bed to many patients. That resulted in unsanitary enviroments and no fresh air or hygiene.

  • Changing Life of the People- Child Care and Nursing

    The well-off hired poor wet nurses.Reliance on wet nurses led to higher infant mortality rates.

  • Expansion of Europe- Community Controls

    There were many disputes about marriage and illegitimacy. Birth control methods were not to be depended on.

  • The Enlightenment- Rousseau

    He created the Social Contract which argued that the general will of the people is sacred and absolute. He thought children should develop spontaneously and naturally.

  • The Enlightenment- Catherine the Great of Prussia

    She imported Western culture to Russia and supported the philosophes and started the domestic reform. The Pugachev uprising in 1773 led her to reverse the trend towards reform of serfdom and give nobles control of serfs.

  • The Enlightenment- Adam Smith

    He was a Scottish professor who foudned modern economics thorugh his general idea of freedom of enterprise in foreign trade. Believed mercantilism stifled economic growth.

  • -Changing Life of the People- Diet

    Diets of ordinary people depended on grain. Poor people ate grains and vegetables. They did not eat milk or meat. Meat was only for the rich.

  • Changing Life of the People- Medical Practices

    Women were excluded from medical professions. Demons were exorcised by faith healers. Apothercaries sold harmful drugs so purging the bowels with laxatives was relied on.

  • Expansion of Europe- Slaves

    Slave status was limited by law in 1772 in Britain. But the slave trade was abolished in 1808.