-
8000 BCE
Neolithic Revolution
people abandon nomadic lifestyle and create agricultural communities -
Period: 8000 BCE to
8000 B.C.E. to present day
-
3000 BCE
Sumerians of Sumer
ziggurats, polytheistic -
2100 BCE
Akkadians of Akkad
Sargon of Akkad conquered Sumer, cuneiform -
2000 BCE
Judiasm
Abraham leads Jews out of Egypt -
1792 BCE
Babylonians of Babylon
Hammurabi's code -
1763 BCE
Shang Dynasty of China
developed along Yellow River, metallurgy -
1700 BCE
Aryans enter India
nomadic, horse-power, weaponry, developed Hinduism, the caste system -
1700 BCE
Babylonians defeat Akkad
new powerhouse of Mesopotamia -
1500 BCE
Bantu Migrations
Bantu people migrate and spread language and agricultural knowledge, migrate for environmental reasons -
1500 BCE
Fall of Indus River Valley Civilizations
-
1500 BCE
Hitties
defeat Babylonians, advanced iron weaponry -
1500 BCE
Olmec Civilization in Mexico
polytheistic, irrigation systems, large-scale building -
1122 BCE
Zhou Dynasty of China
defeated Shang dynasty, created by Wu Wang, Mandate of Heaven, the feudal system -
911 BCE
Assyrians
rise after fall of Akkad, Assyrians have northern Mesopotamia and Babylon had southern portion, capital at Nineveh, military power -
900 BCE
Chavin Civilization in Andes
access to the coast, no river valley, seafood diet -
612 BCE
Battle of Nineveh
Babylonians, Medes, and Chaldeans defeat Assyrians, King Nebuchadnezzar restores Babylon to former glory -
600 BCE
Axial Age begins
the birth of many religions and ideologies -
600 BCE
Zoroastrianism
monotheistic, one of the oldest religion, based on good vs. evil -
553 BCE
Persian/ Achaemenid Empire
Cyrus the Great rebels against Medes and creates the Persian empire -
551 BCE
Confucianism
Confucius, filial piety, prosperity, kindness -
522 BCE
Darius the Great
creates Royal Roads and satraps -
509 BCE
Rome
republic- patricians and plebians, slavery, 12 tables of Rome -
499 BCE
Persian Wars in Greece
unite Greek city-states against Persia -
480 BCE
Golden Age of Pericles
Athens becomes a cultural center, Delian League (an alliance of Greek city-states) -
475 BCE
Era of Warring States
constant fighting in China, no central government, the emergence of Daoism, Legalism, Confucianism, Qin, Han, and Zhao are 3 of the 7 warring states -
431 BCE
Pelopennesian War
Athens and Sparta fight for power, Athens hit by the plague and is defeated at Syracuse, Sparta does not destroy Athens, Macedonians defeat Sparta slightly afterwards -
359 BCE
Macedonians
Philip III of Macedon defeats Athens but promotes Greek culture -
330 BCE
Alexander the Great of Macedon conquers Persia
-
323 BCE
Hellenistic Era
death of Alexander the Great leads to fragmentation of the Macedonian empire but Greek culture flourishes -
321 BCE
Mauryan Empire of India
united Aryan tribes under Ashoka, Ashoka Maurya converts to Buddhism -
300 BCE
Mayan Civilization in Mexico/ Central America
city-states, pyramids, gained slaves but not territory -
270 BCE
Rise of Rome
Gains more power after Macedonian decline -
264 BCE
First Punic War
Rome vs. Carthage over Sicily, Rome wins -
232 BCE
Ashoka's Death--- Fall of Mauryan Empire
empire crumbles, economic failure, invasions -
221 BCE
Qin Dynasty of China
ends of warring states period, Great Wall of China, Legalism -
218 BCE
Second Punic War
Carthage almost destroys Rome -
206 BCE
Han Dynasty of China
nomadic prior to unification, use of Silk Road, Confucianism, paper -
149 BCE
Third Punic War
Rome burns Carthage to the ground -
46 BCE
Caesar becomes dictator of Rome
-
135
Jewish Diaspora
jews forced out of Rome -
220
Collapse of Han
economic warfare -
313
Edict of Milan
Constantine ends Christian persecution in Rome -
320
Gupta Dynasty of India
Chandra Gupta, revive fallen Mauyran empire, smaller and less centralized, Golden Ages -
330
Byzantine Empire
the eastern portion of the Roman empire, Justinian's code--- preserved Roman legal principals -
375
Decline in Rome
divides into east and west, east thrives, west declines, inflation, political tension, invasions of Attilia Huns and pressures from Germanic Tribes -
400
Ghana Empire
sold gold for Muslim traders for salt -
476
Middle Ages
the period after the fall of Rome and prior to Renaissance, feudalism, Catholicism -
550
Gupta Collapse from White Hun invasions
-
563
Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama, suffering to reach enlightenment/ Nirvana -
581
Sui Dynasty
built Grand Canal, short-lived empire -
618
Tang Dynasty
replaced Sui Dynasty, tribute system, gunpowder, Buddhism spreads -
622
Rise of Islam
Muhammad, Mecca and Medina, 5 Pillars, Ka'ba -
646
Taika Reforms in Japan
adopted Chinese bureaucratic and legal reforms to create a more centralized government -
662
Umayyad Dynasty
capital at Damascus, Islamic state, Muslim, Sunni control, 4 calips, Arab is official language -
668
Korea pays tribute to Tang Dynasty
-
709
Fujiwara Clan
an aristocratic family in Japan, Heian period (literature flourishes) -
750
Abbasid Dynasty
overran Umayyad dynasty due to Shia assertion into leadership, capital at Baghdad, Islamic Golden Age, trade, expansion, flourishing, preservation of Western (Persian) culture -
882
Kievan Rus
collection of city-states of Slavic people, the birth of Russia -
938
Vietnamese Independence from Tang
When Tang weakens, Vietnam is freed from the tribute system -
960
Song Dynasty
Confucianism, the rise of Buddhism, extensive bureaucracy, education, major urban population of its time -
962
Holy Roman Empire
created by Charlemagne, feudalism, 3rd Rome -
1054
The Great Schism
Church divides, Roman Catholicism dominates west and Orthodox Christianity dominates east -
1095
Christian Crusades
goal to attain Holy Land (Jerusalem) from Muslim rule, unsuccessful, spread Bubonic plague -
1185
Minamoto Period
Minamoto Yoritomo established a military government/shogunate in Japan, Code of Bushido for samurai -
1206
Mongol Empire
nomadic people from Mongolia, ruthless, Pax Mongolia (peace after domination), Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Tamerlane, destroyed cities, Mongolization, diffused Bubonic plague -
1206
Delhi Sultante
Muslim rule in India, convert Hindus to Islam, -
1220
Kingdom of Zimbabwe
east African kingdom, gold -
1235
Mali Empire
Mansa Musa, Muslims, cultural center at Timbuktu -
1279
Yuan Dynasty
conquered Song dynasty, ruled by Kublai Khan, Mongol control, first foreign-led Chinese empire -
1337
Hundred years war
the conflict between France and England resulting in English withdrawal from France -
1345
Aztec Empire
central Mexico, capital at Tenochtitlan, string army, tribute system, expansion, human sacrifice -
1368
Ming Dynasty
arose after fall of Mongols (Yuan), rebirth of Chinese traditional culture -
1390
Kingdom of the Kongo
the west coast of Africa, centralized, trade relations with Portugal -
1425
Incan Empire
strong army, bureaucracy, unified language, human labor, peasants, great builders, Machu Pichu temples -
1453
Ottoman Empire Rise
conquer Constantinople, Muslim, rule over present-day Turkey, end Byzantine empire -
1478
Spanish Inquisition Trials
led by Philip II, the goal to oust heretics such as Christians and Muslims from Portugal and Spain -
1492
Christopher Columbus' first voyage
finds Cuba and west indies -
1492
Colombian Exchange
transatlantic transfer of people, animals, goods, slaves, food, technology, religion, guns key products- sugar and silver -
1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
divided newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain -
1498
Vasco de Gama reaches India
-
1500
Age of Exploration
people begin to travel and seek new land -
1517
Protestant Reformation
challenging Catholicism, Martin Luther, John Calvin -
1524
Fall of Aztecs
Cortez leads forces to defeat Aztec empire -
1526
Mughal Empire
defeats Delhi Sultanate, Muslim, Babur, Akbar, India -
1534
Act of Supremacy
enacted under Henry VIII, nullified Pope's power, Henry VIII goes to become head of the church in England, all so Charles VIII can divorce his wife who cannot have kids -
1545
Council of Trent
goal to clarify Catholic teachings to meet Protestant challenges, counter-reformation -
1552
Russian Empire
Ivan III declares Russia free from Mongol rule, Ivan the Terrible (IV), absolute rule, unification, expansion eastward, czar -
1555
Peace of Ausburg
sought to end the conflict between Roman Catholics and Lutherans in Germany -
1558
Elizabethan Era
arts, commercial expansion, exploration, colonization of new world -
1566
Death of Suleiman the Magnificent
Ottoman leader, built large military, supported arts, Golden Age -
Scientific Revolution
Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo, math and science of the rise -
Tokugawa/ Edo period in Japan
the capital moved to Edo, Christian persecution, recent European influence -
Time of Troubles
no czar of Russia, after the death of Ivan the Terrible, -
Romanov dynasty
becomes czar after the time of troubles, ruthless rule -
Thirty Years War
war in Central Europe between Catholics and protestants -
Qing/Manchu Dynasty
defeat Ming dynasty, foreign-led Chinese empire, Qing were from Manchu -
Commonwealth of England
after the death of Charles I, no monarch, Oliver Cromwell rises to power and becomes Lord and Protector of England -
Ashanti Empire of Africa
wealth through gold trade, organized military, expansion -
Habeas Corpus Act
prevents arrests without due process, enacted by Charles II -
Glorious Revolution
begins with William and Mary who are Protestants, they sign Bill of Rights -
Westernization of Russia
Peter the great and Cathrine the great, supported enlightenment, education, culture, serfdom, limited growth to the merchant class -
Seven Years/ French and Indian War
French and Britain fight over colonies, the British win -
Boston Tea Party
-
Thomas Paine publishes Commonwealth
appeal to colonies to fight for independence from Britain -
Adam Smith publishes The Wealth Of Nations
proposes ideas of capitalism -
Signing of Declaration of independence
-
Industrial Revolution
begins in Britain, new technology, James Watt improves steam engine, Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, Thomas Edison creates lightbulb, factory system, women and children work in factories more, bad work conditions and pay, create new social classes where the working class is on bottom -
Napoleon Bonaparte comes to power in France
military leader, initiated agricultural, infrastructure, and education reforms, religious toleration, Napoleonic Code gave more rights to men, conquer Austria, Spain, Holy Roman Empire, Portugal, parts of Italy -
French Revolution
peasants don't have enough power, peasants made up the 3rd estate of Estates- General, 3rd estate created National Assembly, National Assembly discontinues feudal system, starts religious toleration, recognizes natural rights, beheads royal family, seeks to end the monarchy, raids Bastille, guillotine -
Haitian Revolution
revolutionists free Haiti from French rule -
Bill of Rights
democracy in colonies -
Simon Bolivar claims Venezuela's independence from Spain
-
Congress of Vienna
sought to balance European power, reduced French border to pre-Napoleonic time, instituted an absolute rule, disregarded French revolutionary ideals, wanted to restore the monarchy -
Napoleon is Exiled
failure to conquer Russia devastates France who exiles Napoleon, Napoleon returns from exile and suffers defeat at Waterloo where he is forced to stay in exile for good -
Marxism Begins
Karl Marx publishes Communist Manifesto, leads to ideas of communism and socialism, claim working class will take control of production -
Factory Act of 1883
increase pay, better working conditions, no child labor, labor unions made sure things things were upheld or protested -
Mexican Revolution
overthrow dictator, education and healthcare improved, Mexican nationalism, adopt a new constitution, established land reforms, gave rights to workers and women