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Financial troubles
borrowing moneyOne tof the causes of the economic trobles was a mushrooming financial crisis that was due in part to years of deflict spending. Meaning government spending more money then it takes in. So they start barrowing money from other countries. Louis XVI hires Jacques Necker as a financil advisor and tells Louis to have the 1st and 2nd classes to pay taxes. -
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Louis XVI calls the estate general
tennis court oathAs 1788 comesto a close, France tottered on the verge of bankruptcy. A baffled Louis finally summoned the estates general to meet the following year. In June 1789 the people declared themselves as a national assembly. They meet atthe meeting hall witch then was locked and surrounded by gaurds so they moved to the tennis court, the tennis court oath. They swore never to spearate. -
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The third stage of the revolution
revolutionMoving away from the excesses of the convention, moderates produced another constitution in 1795. In the elections of 1789, supporters of a constituional monarchy won the majority of seats in the legislative. As chaos thratened, politicians turned to Napoleon Bonaparte, military hero. The politicians planned to use him to advance their own goals. Before long Napoleon would out wit them all to become ruler of France. -
Parisians storm the bastille
In the city of Paris more then 800 parisiana assembled outside and yelled for gunpoweder. The commander opened fire on the crowd and killed many. People then stormed inside and killed the commader and released prisenors. After tearing down the Bastille they found no weapons. The parisians cut off the commanders head and put it on a pole and carried it around. This was a wakeup call to king Louis XVI. -
Bastille 2
Tearing down the Bastille was a symbol to the poeple of France representing years of abuse by the monarchy. Since 1880, the french hace celebrated Bastille day annually as their national independence day. -
Radicals declare war 2
the sans- culotte found support among radicals in the legislative assembly especially the Jocabins. A revolutionary political club, the joaobins were mostly middle class lawyers or intellectuals. They used pampheteers and sympathetic newspaper editors to advance the rebublican casue. -
Constitution
The national assembly completed its main task by producing a constitution. The constuttion of 1791 set up a limited monarchy in place of the absolut monarchy that had ruled France for centuries. To make government more effient, the constituin replaces the old provinces with 83 departments of roughly equal size. Reformed laws, to moderate reformers, the constitution seemed to complete the revolution. Reflecting enlightment goals ensured equality before the law for all male citizens. -
Radicals declare war
In 1791, the newly elcted legislative assembly took office faced with crise at home and abroad, it survived for less than a year. Uncertainty about prices lead to hoarding and casued additional food shortages. In Paris andother cities, working class men and women, called sans- culottes. They are called this because they are "without breeches" because they wore long trousers instead ofthe fancy ones. They demanded a republic or government ruled by elcted representatives instead of monarch by 1791 -
National Assembly Act 2
" We may view this moment as the dawn of a new revolution, when all the burdens weighing on the people were abolsihed, and France was truly reborn." Said the president of the assembly. -
National Assembly Act
Peasents uprising and the storming of the Bastille stampeded the national assembly into action. On August 4, ina combative all-night meeting,nobles in the national assembly voted to end their privileges. They agreed to give up their old manorial dies exclusive hinting rights, special legal status, and exemption from taxes. Special privilege ends. Feudalism is abolished, Announced the proud and weary delegates at 2am. -
Threats from abroad
The failed escape of Louis XVI brought for there hostile rumbling from abroad. In August 1791, the king of Prussia and the emperor of Austria issued the Declaration of Pilnitz. In this document, the two monarchs threatened to intervence to protect the french monarchy revolutionaries in France took the treat seriously and prepared for war. The revolution was about to enter a new more radical phase. -
Declaration of the rights of man
In late August, first step toward writing a constitution the assembly issued the declaration of rights of man, and the citizen was modeled in part of the american Declaration of Independance. All men, the french declaration announced, were " born and remain free and equal in rights." They enjoyed natural rights to "liberty, property, security. and risistance to oppression" Locke natural rights Men citizens were equal before the male law. -
Declaration of the rights of man 2
In 1791, Olympe de Gouges a journalist demanded equal rights in her Declaration of the rights of women and female citizen. "Women is born free" she proclaimed, "and her rights are the same as those of amn" Resonded "all citizens, be they men or women being equal in the stated eyes must be equally, and jobs." Uncertain and hesitant, Louis XVI did not want to accept the reforms of the national assembly. By autumn, anger again turned to action. -
Womens March
On Octoner 5, about six thousand women marched 13 miles in the pouring rain from Paris to Versailles. "Bread" They shouted. They demanded to see the king. Forthe next three years, Louis wasa virtual prisoner. "Now we wont have togo far when we want to see our king." they ang. The royal family moves into the Tuileries palace. -
Church
The national assembly put the french Catholic Church under state control. Under the Civil constitution ofthe Clergy, issued in 1790. The civil constitution ended papal authority over the french church and dissolved covents and monasteried. Reaction was swift and angry. Many bishops and prists refused to accept the civil constitution. The popt even condemned it, Then government punished clergy who refused to support the civil constitution a huge gulf opened between revolutionaries in Paris. -
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Monarchy Abolished 2
King Louis XVI getting arrestedOn August 10, 1792 a crowd of parisians stormed the royal palce of the parisians stormed the royal palace of the Tuilerred and slaughtered the kings guards. A month later, citizend attacked prisons that held nobles and priest accused of political offenses. Around 1,200 prisonsers were killed: among them were mant ordinary criminals.The People who carried out the "september massacres" some call the "bloodthirsty" in fact most were ordinary citizens fired to fury by real and imagined grievances. -
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Monarchy ablolished 3
During the early months of the republic, the convention also put Louis XVI on trial as a tritor to french. The king was convicted by a single vote and sentenced to death. On January 21st. 1793 King Louis was executed. His speech was drowned out by the drum rolls. Moments were beheaded.The excecutioner lifted the kings head by its hair and held it before the crowd. In October 1793 Marie Antoinette was executed. The press celebrated her death, the queen showed great dignity before her death. -
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Monarchy Abolished
revolutionary warAs the revolution continued dismal news about the war abroad hieghtened tensions. Well- trained Prussain forces were cutting down raw French recruits, Royallist officers were deserting the French army, joining emigres and others hoping to restore the kings power. Tensions lead to violence. Battle disaters quickly inflamed revolutionaries who tought the king was in league with the enemies. -
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Robespierre and the rein fo terror 2
RobespierreRobespierre wanted to abolish slavery, and promote religious toleration. "Liberty cannot be secured." Robedpierre cried, "unless criminals lose their heads." "Hail to the republic" or "death to the traitors" About 300,000 were arrested during this and 17,000 were executed. The engine of the Terror was called the Guillotine. Dr. Joseph Guilotin had introduced the beheading machine. It was the symbol of horror. On july 27, 1794 Robespierre was arrested and then the next day executed. -
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Robespierre and the rein of terror
RobespierreBy early 1793, danger threatened France on all sides. Country was at war.To deal with the threats to france, the convention created the committee of public safety. This included 12 members, that had almost absolute power as it battled to save the revolution. Maximilien Robespierre was the leader of the committee of public safety. His nickname was" the incorruptible, and for his ememies they called him a "tyrant." He embraced Rousseaus ideas about general will as the source of all legitmate law. -
Spread of Nationalism
Revolution and war gave the French people a strong sense of national identity. The government rallied sons and daughters of the revolution to defend the nation itself. Nationalism, a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country, spread throughtout France. Set up state schools to replace religious ones and organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers, and war widows. The government also abolished slavery in Frances caribbean colonies.
