2017 Joycelyn Fung Dalat World History

Early Fertile Crescent People

Period: 10,000 BCE to 500 BCE

• Sumerians
• Akkadians
• Babylonians
• Hittites and Kassites
• Asyrians
• Chaldeans
• Pheonicians

Mesopotamia - Irrigation

7500 BCE

Since the early settlements in Mesopotamia were by the river, their crops would sometimes be washed away because of flooding, while sometimes the water would dry up and their crops would wither and die. Therefore the Mesopotamians created something called irrigation where they could use canals to get water to different areas of land that needed it. These banks would also prevent the flood from getting to the crops, this event lead to many other vital events in the future.

6.1 Northern China - Early settlements

7010 BCE

Archeologists have found remains of early Chinese villages, they were by the Huang He which is also known as the Yellow river. Some of these small villages by the Huang He grew into large towns with walls to protect themselves possible attacks and floods. Over time the Chinese culture became more advanced and absorbed other cultures; they also filled their tombs with objects like Egypt, as population grew villages spread out into the northern and southeastern part of China.

Mesopotamia - Farming

7000 BCE

The first farm settlements started and the farmers started growing; barley, wheat, and other grains. This caused for the population to grow and villages started forming, this then developed into the worlds first civilization.

India - Religions

4000 BCE

Hinduism started at around 4000 BC; they believe in 3 major gods Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Siva the Destroyer. They also believed in reincarnation where their souls would eventually join Brahman. Jainism started in around 599 BC; they believe in nonviolence. They didn't eat meat because their belief comes from the thought of rebirth. Sikhism started in around 1400 AD; they believe in only one God, and their goal is to be reunited with God after they die.

Egypt - Writing

3300 BCE

The earliest examples known of Egyptian writing are from around 3300 BC. They are carved onto stone or some other materials. The Egyptians wrote with hieroglyphics.

Ancient Egypt and Kush

Period: 3200 BCE to 350

Egypt:
Ancient Egypt ~ 3200-3000
Old Kingdom ~ 2700-2200
Middle Kingdom ~ 2200-1550
New Kingdom ~ 1550-1050 Kush ~ 2000-350

Egypt - Unifying

3100 BCE

When Menes became Pharoh he finished of what Scorpio the pharoh before him started. What Scorpio started and Menes finished was unifying Upper and Lower Egypt into one. Menes and his army took over Lower Egypt and unified both Lower and Upper Egypt, after this he married a princess from Lower Egypt to strengthen the control over the two kingdoms. He wore a double crown, the red one from Lower Egypt and the white cone like one from Upper Egypt.

Egypt - The Start of the Old Kingdom

2700 BCE

During 2700 and 2200 BC, it was the reign of the Old Kingdom. In the Old Kingdom they were still developing their political system, their systems was based off of them believing that pharaoh was a king and a god.

India - Sanskrit

2300 BCE

The first Aryan settlers did not read or write. Since they didn't read or write they memorized important hymns and poems, known as vedas. The poems and hymns were all in Sanskrit, the most important language in ancient India. At first Sanskrit was only spoken, but over time people figured out how to write it down.

Ancient India

Period: 2300 BCE to 500

Harrapan - 2300 BC-1700 BC
Aryan - 2100 BC-500 BC
Mauryan - 320 BC-185 BC
Gupta - 320 BC-400BC

Egypt - Ending of the Old Kingdom and the rise of the Middle kingdom

2200 BCE

At the end of the Old Kingdom the pharaoh's wealth and power wasn't so great anymore. Because of this some nobles took advantage of their government positions and took power from the pharaoh. For the next upcoming 160 years, nobles fought each other for power and there was no central ruler. This chaos caused the decline of farming, there was economic hardship and famine.

Chapter 6 - Ancient China

Period: 2200 BCE to 1644

Xia- 2200 BC
Shang- 1500 BC
Zhou- 1050-400 BC
Qin- 221-206 BC
Han- 206 BC-AD 220
Sui- AD 589-618
Tang- AD 618-c.918
Song- AD 1279-1368
Yuan- AD1279-1368
Ming- AD1368-1644

Chapter 8 - Ancient Greece

Period: 2000 BCE to 500 BCE

Minoans and Mycenaeans ~ 2000 BC-1200 BC
Classical age ~ 500 BC

India - Castes

1900 BCE

The Aryans developed Sutra's which had all the rules for the castes listed out. Different castes were not allowed to marry and even eat together. You would be banned from your home and caste if you broke these rules. At the top of the Varna were the Brahmins, these are the priests. Next were the Kshatriyas who were rulers or warriors, then the Vaisyas which consisted of farmers, craftspeople, and traders. And lastly the Sudras, laborers and non Aryans.

Babylon - Babylonians

1800 BCE

Babylon use to be a Sumerian town, but in 1800 it become a very powerful government of its own. Babylon is now close to Baghdad, Iraq and Babylon as we know today. Babylon's well known king was Hammurabi, was the one who created Hammurabi's code which is the start of the laws we have nowadays.

Mesopotamia - Food surplus

1600 BCE

Due to the Mesopotamian's invention, irrigation they made so much food that they made more then enough for everyone to eat. Since they had so much food they didn't need as much farmers, this then lead to the division of labor. This then meant other things were able to be developed.

Kush - Egypts conquest of Kush

1500 BCE

The relationship between Egypt and Kush weren't always peaceful. As Kush became wealthier from trade the army became stronger and stronger. Egypt feared that Kush would become even more powerful and attack them, to stop this from happening King Tut sent an army to Kush to take control of it, as a result of this Kush became a part of Egypt.

Hittites an Kassites

1400 BCE

The Hittites established a kingdom in Asia Minor, which we now know as Turkey. The Hittites were the first group of people who mastered the skill of iron working, this enabled them to make better weapons. The Hittites also used chariots, with the chariots and better weapons they had an advantage. With these advantages the Hittites took over Babylon. The reign over Babylon wasn't long for the Hittites because the Kassites who lived the north of Babylon conquered Babylon and ruled for 400 years

Chapter 16 Early America’s

Period: 1000 BCE to 1537

Maya 1000BC-1500
Aztecs 1325-1521
Incas 1400-1537

Chapter 10 - Ancient Rome

Period: 800 BCE to 27 BCE

Phoenicians - 800 BC-140 BC
Romans Republic - 753 BC-27 BC

10.1 Rome - Romulus and Remus

753 BCE

Romulus and Remus are said to be the two founders of Rome. They were twins, when they were just babies they were put into baskets and into the Tiber River. They were found by a wolf who nurtured them, later on a shepherd found them and adopted them. They grew up and decided that they wanted to build a city where they were saved by the wolf. During the process of building the city Romulus killed Remus because he mocked one of his ideas. Thus the city was named Rome after Romulus.

Egypt - The Conquest of Egypt

751 BCE

At around 850 BC when Kush regained its strength. While it was growing stronger Egypts strength was not as strong. And in the 700 BC Kashta the king of Kush attacked Egypt and took over Upper at around 751 BC.

8.3 Greece - Mythology

750 BCE

The ancient Greeks were polytheistic and they believed in many gods. To answer questions and natural/scientific events they believed it was by a god and they created stories which we call myths to explain the gods actions. They believed that the god of the gods was Zeus and that he controlled lightning. For example they believed that lightning and thunder was caused because Zeus was angry of something that had happened.

Chapter 9 - Ancient Greece

Period: 750 BCE to 30 BCE

Athens - 750 - 404 BC
Sparta - 750 - 374 BC
Hellenistic age - Ended around 30 BC
Persia - 550 - 490 BC

9.2 - Athens and Sparta - Society

700 BCE

The Spartans social system was said to be related around the 900 and 600 BC, while Athens is said to be created around 750 BC. Sparta valued Miltary power while Athens valued education and the arts. Boys in Sparta were trained at an Early age to be soldiers, and girls stayed at home and did household chores but they also trained. Boys in Athens were taught to improve their body and minds, and girls only did household chores.

8.1 Greece - Trade

570 BCE

After a while the people weren't so scared of invasions and started setting up colonies in distant lands. Even thought the colonies were independent they very often traded with the city-sates, trading made the city states much wealthier. They often traded metal, copper, and iron with the city-states on the mainland. By 550 BC Greeks had become the greatest traders in the Aegean region and even sailed to cities around the Black Sea.

India - Siddhartha Gautama

563 BCE

Siddhartha looked around saw suffering and questioned the meaning of human life. He went on a journey, no one could answer him but he kept searching. After wandering he then fasted and meditated under a tree, after seven weeks of this he had the answers. He realized human suffering came from wanting what we like but don't have, wanting to keep what we like and already have, and not wanting what we dislike but have. He became the enlightened one, or the Buddha as we know today.

8.2 Athens - Democracy

500 BCE

Democracy is a system where the people rule themselves, democracy was first developed in Greece and the word democracy comes from the Greek words "rule of the people". At around 500 BC Cleisthenes gained power and didn't want aristocrats to rule the government, therefore democracy was born and Athens is sometimes called the father of democracy.

13.4 West Africa - Griots

500 BCE

Griots were story tellers who helped preserve West African history. They did this by memorizing the stories and retelling to other griots about the story. This is called Oral history, but there was a risk of details changing over a period of time when sharing the oral history. Sadly West Africans never developed a written language, therefore they could not note it down.

13.1 West Africa - Landforms

500 BCE

Rifts - they are deep valleys caused by the movement as the earths crust Sub-Saharan Africa - This is Africa south of the Sahara desert Sahel - Dry land where it doesn’t usually rain, it separates the divides the desert from wetter areas Savannah - A open land which has grass and trees growing scattered around Rain Forests - Wet dense woods

9.1 Persia - Persian War

490 BCE

Around 499 BC some Greek cities in the Asia Minor revolted against the Persian rule, to help City states in the mainland sent in soldiers to fight against the Persians. The Persians managed to stop the revolt, but Darius was still angry with the Greeks; He even swore to get revenge on the Greeks. Nine years later Darius invaded Greece, this started a series of wars between Persia and Greece which we call the Persian Wars. The Greeks won for they had better weapons and clever leaders.

6.2 Zhou - Legalism

480 BCE

Legalism is the belief that people are bad by nature and need to be controlled, it only deals with social and governmental control. Legalism contrasted with Daoism and Confuciousim because they believed in strict laws to keep people in line. These three beliefs fought to become popular, but legalisms were the first to put their belief into practice in China.

6.2 Zhou - Daoism

470 BCE

Daoism is one of the beliefs that influenced China during the Zhou dynasty. Daoism is about living in harmony with the force of reality. Daosits believe people should avoid interfering with people and nature, but instead to be like water and let things flow in the natural way. A famous Daoist teacher Laozi taught people not to gain wealth and seek power, he is also the author of a basic text of Daoism called The Way and It's Power.

6.2 Zhou - Confucianism

440 BCE

As an idea to restore China Confucius developed the belief Confucianism, he created guidelines to restore family and social harmony. Confucius felt that China was full of rude and dishonest people and he believed that China needed ethics and moral value, thus was the start of Confucianism.

10.2 Rome - Government

400 BCE

In the government of the Roman Republic there are the Magistrates, Senates, and Assmeblies and Tribunes. Each of the magistrates were elected and had their power and duty. The two most powerful magistrates were the consuls they were elected for one year to run the army and empire. Next were the senates they were a group of wealthy men who advised the city leaders, and they served for life. Asemblies and tribunes elected the magistrates and could veto the descions of the magistrates.

9.4 Greece - Philosophers

400 BCE

Socrates was a teacher and thinker, he taught by asking questions, we call this method the Socratic method. He wanted people to question their own beliefs, he was condemned to death and died of drinking poison.
Plato was a student of Socrates, he was a teacher and philosopher. He created the academy where philosophers and scientists could discuss ideas.
Aristotle was the student of Plato, and he is who taught Alexander the Great. He also believed in reason; clear and ordered thinking.

9.3 Macedonia - Alexander the Great

334 BCE

Alexander the Great is the son of Phillip II. After his father died Alexander became a strong leader at the age of 20. He conquered Egypt, Asia Minor, Syria, and Persia. But at age 33 when he was returning from his conquest he died a mysterious death. He was taken to Egypt and buried there in a golden coffin.

India - Asoka

270 BCE

Candragupta's grandson became king at around 270 BC. Asoka was the strongest ruler, he conquered other kingdoms and added to the Mauryan empire. He watched his armies fight battles for many years, after a few ears off reigning over the throne he converted to Buddhism. After he converted to Buddhism he promised that he wouldn't have any more wars, he then had the time to dig wells, plant trees, send missionaries, and build rest houses. When he died in 233 BC the empire fell apart.

10.3 Rome - Punic Wars

264 BCE

The Punic Wars were wars between Carthage, a city in Northern Africa and Rome. Because Carthage sent an army to Sicily, Rome also sent an army. After about 20 years of fighting Rome managed to force Carthage out and take back control of Sicily. In 218 BC Carthage tried to attack Rome again, Hannibal managed to almost defeat Rome they never did. Rome attacked Carthage and forced Hannibal to have to go back and defend his people, but Rome took control of Northern Africa in the end.

6.3 Qin - Shi Huangdi takes the throne

221 BCE

Ying Zheng a Qin king manged to unite all of China in 221 BC. He gave himself the title Shi Huangdi which meant first emperor, he also used legalism to rule over China. He had strict rules and policies, if you disobeyed these laws you would be punished. He burned books which didn't agree with the use of legalism, created a new money system, and new writing symbols. Under his rule roads and water systems were made, he also finished off the Great Wall to protect China from invaders.

6.4 Han - Daily life

206 BCE

People were divided into social ranks, they were not according to wealth and power. Surprisingly the second highest rank in the classes were the peasants while the merchants were rich, they were at the bottom of the classes. Since Confucianism was the official philosophy of the government children were taught from a young age to obey their elders and parents. The father was also the head of the household, thus the reason sons were valued more for they carried on the family line.

8.1 Greece - City-states

170 BCE

At around 170 BC 300 years after the Mycenaean empire ended, the Greeks started to join together in small groups to have stability and protection. After a while these groups started forming their own city-states, in Greek a city-state is called a polis. This began the Classical age, the age in which great achievements were accomplished.

11.1 Rome - Caesar’s rise to power

58 BCE

Caesar was a general, he conquered almost all of Gaul between 58 and 50. He ruled Rome with Pompey and Crassus. Pompey and Crassus became jealous, and senates which were allies wanted Caesar give up command and give it to Pompey. He refused and conquered Pompey in 48 BC, he then returned to Rome in 45 BC and named himself dictator for life. In the end he was stabbed 27 times to death by a group of senators because they feared his growing strength.

11.2 Rome - Christianity

1 CE

Christianity emerged in around the first century of AD, branched of off Judaism and based off the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. They believe that Jesus of Nazareth was the Messiah, in Greek messiah means chosen one. When Rome took over the Jews waited for the Messiah. Christians were prosecuted and rituals banned because they believed that the Messiah would deliver them from the Romans. Later on Constantine a Roman Empire named Christianity the official religion of Rome.

India - Maths and Science

100

The Gupta scholars were the most advanced mathematicans in their day. They created many things we still use in math today, for example the number zero, the numbers we use today are called Hindu-Arabic numerals. At 100 AD doctors were already writing what they knew in textbooks, they talked about how to make medicine out of plants and minerals. An important thing was that they practiced inoculation where they inject someone with a small amount of virus to help them build defenses.

6.5 Han - Buddhism

100

Over a period of time the Han government became weaker and people disobeyed laws. Many of the Chinese then looked at Daoism and Confucianism to see why there was so much suffering, but nothing came out. Then they found that Buddhism had more hope then the Chinese beliefs, they then took on Buddhism. At first Indian Buddhists had troubles explaining the religion to the Chinese, they caught on and even created alters, carvings of Buddhas, translation of Buddhism texts into Chinese.

11.3 Rome - Division of Empire

200

When Rome desperately needed a new leader, they found one Called Diocletian. He became an emperor in the late 200s. He thought that the Empire was too big, so he split the Empire into two and got a co-emperor to rule the West. Shortly after Diocletian leaved power Constantine managed to reunite the Empire for a short amount of time, not only did he do this but he also made the capital city Constantinople which was in Turkey.

6.5 Han - Silk Road

200

Traders used different routes to trade goods with other people, one of the most well known trade routes was called the Silk Road. this was made up of 4,00-mile-long routes which went towards the west from China across the Asia's desserts and mountain ranges through the Middle East up until the Mediterranean Sea. Traders traveled through the silk road together for protection, guards were also hired to protect the goods from bandits. Due to this China became rich and exchanged ideas.

Chapter 11 - Ancient Rome

Period: 200 to 1453

Western Roman Empire 200 AD - 476 AD
Pax Romana 27 BC - 180 AD
Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) 200 AD - 1453 AD

16.1 Maya

250

They had observatories to study the sky, they created calendars based off 365 days. Being skilled mathematicians they made a number system that helped create complex calculations, they were among the first who created the symbol for zero. The had a writing system they carved the symbols on stone tablets to record history and passed down stories orally. They created art and architecture using obsidian tools to create limestone blocks, often decorating buildings with paintings.

Kush - The decline of Kush

300

A list of problems happened in the Kush which led to the weakening of its economy; the cattle overgrazed, wind blew the soil away due to most of the grass being grazed, the farmers then produced less food because there was less soil, wood became scarce because so much was being used, and Kush made less weapons and trade goods. And since Kush lost so much power in 300 AD Akana the king of Aksum took advantage of Kush's weakness and gained power over Kush.

Chapter 13 Africa

Period: 300 to 1591

Ghana 300 - 1200 AD
Mali 1220 -1400 AD
Songhai 1400 - 1591 AD
Zimbabwe 1000 - 1500 AD

17.1 Europe

400

Northern Europe-People lived farther from the sea, because rivers were a easy mode of transport many towns developed by rivers. The fields they had were good farmland but since the land was flat with practically no mountain ranges they were constantly invaded, but the rivers provided good protection. Southern Europe-People mainly lived in the river plains or coastal valleys where they were able to farm. Since they had dry summers they had to grow crops which would survive.

Chapter 17 Europe

Period: 480 to 1500

Franks: 480-tenth century
Ancient History: Ended in 500 AD
Middle Ages/Medieval: 500-1500 AD

15.1 Japan - Shinto

500

Shinto is the traditional religion of Japan. They believed that everything in nature had a Kami, they believed that Kami were nature spirits. People who believed and practiced Shinto were called Shintoists. They also believed that some Kami kept people from harm and protected them, therefore they built shrines and had ceremonies where they asked the Kami to bless them

Chapter 15 Japan

Period: 500 to 1800

Samurai and Shogun rule 1100-1400
Yamato 500
Unification 1500 - 1800

12.1 Islam - Muhammad

570

He was born in an important family in Mecca, when he was little he traveled on his uncles carvans. When he was older he had his own caravan business and became rich. The wealthy use to help the poor when he was growing up, but now they didn’t. Troubled by this he went to the hills and prayed. When he became 40 an angel told him to recite, Muslims nowadays believe it was a message from god. Thus the religion Islam was born.

14.1 China - Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasty

589

China was reunified after a time of disunion and cultural change by the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasty. The person who ended the period of disunion was Yang Jian the man who also created the Sui dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was considered the golden age of the Chinese civilization. And the Song Dynasty was the start of Neo-Confucianism and many advances such as paper money.

Chapter 14 China

Period: 589 to 1644

Sui 589-618
Tang 618-918
Song 960-1279
Yuan 1276-1368
Ming 1368-1644

14.2 China - Trade

618

China’s capital and largest city city in the Tang Dynasty was the Chang’an, not only was it the capital of China it was also a trading center. Trading made China wealthier and even more well known, some of the things they traded were porcelain objects which we are custom to calling China. The Tang Dynasty also improved the Grand Canal which are waterways which connect major cities and enable them to trade.

12.2 Islam - Behavior

632

Like the Bible the Qur’an has guidelines for worshiping and rules for social life. The Muslims look at the Qur’an for guidance. For example it tells them what not to eat and drink, how to prepare for worship, and other things such as rights. This was all collected by Muhammad’s followers and written down, they believe the Qur’an is the exact words of god as told to Muhammad.

17.2 Europe - Charlamagne

700

Charlemagne was a strong king and good warrior. He lead the Franks in the late 700s to building a great empire, to achieve this he waged many wars against neighboring places. Not once had he ever lost a war , not only did he wage wars but he was Christian and admired education. He brought in scholars to teach in Aachen, a lot of their teachings helped shape later religious and social life in Europe.

17.3 Europe - Feudal Society

800

At the top were the kings and queens, they gave fiefs which were pieces of land to nobles to keep them safe. The nobles the second highest rank of society were vassals to the kings and queens. To protect the kings and queens they gave fiefs to knights for protection of theirs and the kings and queens land, they became vassals to the nobles. Then it was the peasants they didn’t own land but worked on land of knights or nobles, serfs and peasants worked land and paying lords with food.

18.3 Europe - Monks and Frairs

900

Monks
They started a monastery in Cluny in the 900s, and concerned themselves only about religious matters. Changes at the monastery in Cluny enabled the creation of religious order. Religious order is a group of people dedicated to religion and following common rules. Frairs
They belong to religious orders but worked and lived in the public. Their main goal was to teach people how to live Christian lives, they taught others about generosity and kindness.

18.1 Europe - Popes

1000

Since nearly everyone was part of the church the popes had great power. If the pope wanted to he could cast people out of the church. This is called excommunicate, it was believed those who died while they were cast out would not go to heaven. Popes also had a lot of power in politics, when the Roman Empire collapsed the popes lead. Because of this some popes became wealthy and built big palaces. They also got into conflict with Europe’s kings.

18.2 Palistine - Crusades

1096

The crusades were a long set of wars which were fought for the control of Palestine, which the Europeans called the Holy Land. The were a total of four crusades and they were all unsuccessful. A well known soldier from the crusades is Richard I, he was also called the Lion Heart because of his courage. He did not take over Jerusalem in the third crusade but was a great soldier and general nearing the respect of the Christians and Muslims.

Chapter 18 - The Later Middle Ages

Period: 1096 to 1351

First Crusade - 1096-1146
Second Crusade - 1147-1148
Third Crusade - 1189-1190
Fourth Crusade and others - 1201-1291
Hundred Years’ War - 1328-1453
Black Death - 1347-1351

15.3 Japan - Samurai Society

1100

First in line are the shoguns, they were powerful military leaders who helped the emperors be figureheads. Next was the emperor who was the figurehead, then it was the daimyo and the samurai. The daimyo were lords or landowners who had armies of samurai. And the samurai served the daimyo and shogun. Last were the peasants who were poor and really had no power.

14.3 China - Confucianism

1184

Confucius teachings focused on behavior and ethics. He believed that society would be better if everyone used ren and li. Li is proper behavior, and ren the concern and care for others. At first Confucius’s ideas were spread by his followers after his death, but they weren’t quite accepted. But in the Han dynasty Confucianism was accepted and even became the official state philosophy. In the Sui and Tang Dynasty Buddhism became influential and Confucianism lost some of its influence.

12.3 Islam - Trade

1200

Islam slowly spread through the places that Muslims conquered, trade also played a role in this. Arab traders carried Islamic belief to India, and Africa. Through trade they also learned new things, such as making paper which had been passed down from the Chinese, the Arabs, and then to them.

13.2 Gahana - Decline

1200

Invasion - Ghana was invaded by African Muslims, the African Muslims called Almavids then cut off the trade route which was Gahna’s main income. Overgrazing - There were a lot of herds grazing, this then caused the grass not being able to grow back. Internal Rebellion - A country that Gahna conquered then rose in rebellion , after a while the rebels took control over Ghana.

Chapter 12 - The Islamic World

Period: 1200 to 1800

Safavid 1501 - 1700
Mughal 1526 - 1600
Ottoman 1200 - 1800

14.4 China - Kublai Khan

1215

Kublai Khan is the grandson of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan was from Mongolia and finished the conquest which his grandfather Ganghis Khan had began. He was also the emperor of the Yuan dynasty. Not only was he emperor but he also improved the Grand Canal and connected China to Persia with better roads. Yet Kublai Khan did not force the Chinese to live the Mongol way of life.

18.4 Europe - Magna Carta

1215

The Magna Carta was a document which listed rights that the king too had to obey. It was in 1215 who the nobles forced the kings to respect their rights, they made King John aproove of the Magna Carta. In the list of rights was the Habeas Corpus which meant that people could not be sent to jail without a reason.

15.2 Japan - Performing Arts

1300

Performing Arts was popular during then Heian period. People use them come together and watch people juggle, play music, and performing acrobats. These performances were often very lively, wild, and fun.The most popular ones were when actors skillfully mimicked others.This later developed into Noh, Noh plays combined music, dance and speaking to tell stories of Japan’s past.

19.2 Europe - Northern Renaissance

1300

Many scholars felt like the church was corrupt, so Christian Humanism came to be. Christian Humanism is a blend of religious and humanist ideas, Desiderius Erasmus criticized corrupt clergy and wanted to get rid of meaningless rituals. So instead of emphasizing on rituals he emphasized on the teachings of Jesus and God. The Northern Europeans drew realistic paintings, paintings were usually of daily life. The paintings also showed the flaws in people a famous artist was Albrecht Dürer.

Chapter 19 - Renaissance and Reformation

Period: 1300 to 1648

Renaissance 1300
Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519
Michelangelo 1475-1564
Reformation 1500
Thirty years war 1618-1648
War between French Catholics and Huguenots 1562-1598

13.3 Mali - Mansa Musa

1312

Mansa Musa was the most famous leader from Mali, he was extremely rich and caused inflation wherever he went because he gave gold away freely. He also took the pilgrimage to Mecca, he built schools and believed in the value of education. After he died his son made his empire collapse.

16.2 Aztec

1325

Being polytheistic, they worshipped more than one god. They believed their gods controlled humans and nature, they often gave human sacrifices to the gods. Aztecs would sacrifice around ten thousand sacrifices a year. To supply the normal sacrifices they constantly had war with neighbors. Aztecs appreciated arts and beauty, they appreciated education especially astronomy. They developed their own culture, and stories were passed down.

Chapter 20 Early Modern World

Period: 1400 to 2018

Scientific Revolution 1540-1700
Microscope 1590
Thermometer 1593
Barometer 1643
Exploration 1400
Columbian Exchange 1500-1800

19.1 Italy - Two masters

1452

Michelangelo is one of the two masters of the Italian Renaissance artists. He is known as an example of a Renaissance man; someone who can practically do anything well. His most famous work is the painting in the Sistine chapel. Not only did he paint but he also designed buildings, wrote poetry, and carved sculptors. The other master is Leonardo da Vinci, he is known for the Mona Lisa. He also was an architect, sculptor, town planner, engineer, mapmaker, and inventor.

21.1 Enlightenment and Revolution

Period: 1478 to 1794

Two treaties on Civil Government: 1690
The Spirit of Laws: 1478
The Social Contract: 1762
English Bill of rights: 1689
Decleration of Indipendence: 1776
French Revolution: 1789-1794
England’s Civil War: 1642-1651

19.3 Northern Europe - Martin Luther

1483

Martin Luther was the one who started the reformation, but he never did want to leave the Catholic Church. All he wanted to do was for the Church to correct their mistakes, so he nailed the Ninety-five Theses with all the complaints on the door of the church. Due to Guttenbergs printing press his list spread, his ideas later lead to a split. Those who protested against the church were called Protestants.

20.2 Europe - Explorers

1492

Here are a few of the explorers:
Henry the Navigator, he helped with Early Portuguese exploration and maritime trade, he began a school for sailing.
Vasco da Gama, he sailed around Africa to India, finding a new sea route to Asia
Christopher Columbus from Italy. In 1492 He discovered North America by accident believing it was Asia.
Ferdinand Magellan led a voyage around South America’s southern tip, but was killed before finishing. His crew was the first to circumnavigate the earth

18.5 Spain - Spanish Inquisition

1492

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella only wanted Christians in their kingdom, thus the Spanish Inquisition. The Spanish Inquisition was a group of priests who looked for anyone who was suspected of practicing a religion other then Christianity and punishing them. This then later on spread to Portugal and lead to the Portuguese Inquisition. People who were found guilty were killed, the Spanish Inquisition sentenced a total of 2,000 people while the Portuguese 1,400.

16.3 Incas

1500

Incas were very advanced with masonry. They built two major highways linked to several other roads. A few other achievements were that they created pottery and the textile. Knotted cords called quipus were developed, these knots passed down information through language and numbers. Stories were down through speech to generations. From their stories, we learn about how Incas survived and their practices. Most records were written in Spanish and Quechua their own language.

20.3 Europe and America’s - Columbian Exchange

1500

The Columbian exchange was where animals, idea, and plants were traded between the America’s and Europe. Some examples of things that were brought to the America’s are Bannanas, rice, and onions. And some examples of things brought to Europe are potatoes, turkeys, and cacao. Because of this some natives learned European languages and some even became Christian.

20.1 Europe - Scientific Revolution Galileo

1540

The Scientific Revolution happened between 1540 and 1700. Before this people use to rely on Authorities such as Greek writers for scientific explanations. After this people began questioning beliefs and studied the world using logic for explanation. A well known scientist is Galileo Galileo he used the telescope to prove that that Copernicus was right and that the planets moved around the sun in a circular orbit

17.4 Europe - Comparisson to Japan

1600

DIFERENCES
-Japan Believed in a mixture of religions while Europe Christianity
-Art and writings was of nature in Japan while in Europe they were based of religion
-Feudalism ended due to internal rebellion in Japan while in Europe it ended due to trade
SIMALARITIES
-Feudalism
Rankings
Kings and queens/Emperor
Lords/Daimyo
Knights/Samurai
Peasants did farming
-Europe followed chivalry which is like Bushido in Japan

12.4 Islam - Literature and the Arts

1600

Poetry was very popular, a lot of the poetry was influenced by Sufism. Sufi poets usually wrote about their loyalty to god, a famous Sufi poet is Omar Khayyám. Architecture was also important to Muslims, rich people became patrons/sponsors to architecture. They use their wealth to build masks where people pray to and worship god. Muslims also built palaces, marketplaces, libraries adorned in decorated tiles, arches, colored Bricks, and domes. They also did calligraphy.

21.1 Europe - Greek and Roman’s Connection to Enlightenment

1600

Greeks and Romans basically helped with everything, especially Greek and Roman philosophers. They taught people how to use logic to discover new truths, also developing the natural law; the idea that the law governed how the world worked. With Greek and Roman beliefs as guidelines they studied the world in a new way, applying these beliefs to the world and government systems

21.2 America- Enlightenment Thinkers

1632

Some Enlightenment Thinkers are John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Locke published “Two Treaties on Government, he believed the government was a contract between ruler and people. He declared natural rights; the right to life, property and, liberty. Rousseau published the Social contract, he believed governments should express the will of people. Montesquieu published the Spirit of the Laws believing the government should be separated into branches.

21. 3 America - Government

1776

James Madison was the main author of the Constitution which reflected Montesquieu’s idea of creating branche sin the government. The Constitution separated the government into three branches, the Constitution helped address most citizens rights.
Congress: the legeslative branch who would make the laws
Executive branch: lead by the president, they would enforce the laws
Judicial branch: they interpreted the law

Hong Kong - Joycelyn was born

Sep 5, 2004

Joycelyn was born on a Sunday around the afternoon on September 5th 2004.

Chapter 8 Modern Day Connection - Mythology

2017

Because the Greeks believed in mythology and the gods, we now have books and movies based off of mythology. Some of these example includes Percy Jackson written by Rick Riordan about a camp called Camp Halfblood dedicated to the safety of demigods who are the children of gods and humans.

Chapter 10 Modern Day Connection - Spartacus

2017

Because of the tale of Spartacus and him and the other gladiators fighting for slavery, there are now many pieces of art for it. For example a very well known ballet piece is about Spartacus and his fight. There are also book based on the events that happened to Spartacus, for example ‘The Magic Treehouse’.

Mesopotamia - Modern Day Connection

2017

Because of Hammurabi's code we have the law as we know it today, without Hammurabi's code I doubt our society would be anything like what it is today. Because of Hammurabi's code we have law and order.

Chapter 6 - Modern Day Connection

2017

Acupuncture was developed by the Hans, it is done by inserting needles into the skin in a specific area to cure a disease and pain. This is still used nowadays, a lot of athletes use accupuncture to release pains and injuries.

Egypt - Modern Day Connection

2017

Because the Egyptians mummified people, scientists are now able to find out more about Egypt and what it use to be like. This then also enables us to understand more about what life use to be like in the past.

India - Modern Day Connection

2017

Because the Guptas developed the Hindu-Arabic numerals we have the numbers we use today, also they created the number zero which is extremely important in math. Because they practiced inoculation we use vaccines nowadays to prevent diseases such as smallpox and other things.

Chapter 9 Modern Day Connection - Math

2017

Euclid a mathematician developed rules for geometry which we still use today. This has helped us create many things we see in our world today; such as buildings. Without these rules angles and shapes would be different for all of us.

Chapter 10 Modern Day Connection - Christianity

2017

Because of Christianity we now have a lot of events and things dedicated to the Christian belief. For example Christmas, Passover, and many other things. There are also a lot of churches and denominations based off of Christianity, even some of the nations are built on the belief of Christianity. For example in Canada the anthem says “God keep our land, glorious and free.”

Chapter 12 Islamic World - Modern Day Connection

2017

They combined the Indian number system and the use of zero. Because of this we have the numbers we use today. Zero is a genre important number in which we use a lot, for example measuring. Without their math our metric system would most likely be different.

Chapter 14 China - Modern Day Connection

2018

If China hadn’t done trade, the Americas would’ve most likely have been found at a different time. Because they were trying to look for new trade routes, but instead they found the America’s. And they most likely wouldn’t have started exploring for new trade routes if it hadn’t been Marco Polo who first discovered America who then sparked the curiosity in others. And if China was hostile to Marco Polo others would be afraid to travel because they heard how Marco Polo was treated.

Chapter 15 Modern Day Connection - Samurai

2018

Because of the samurai we now have many different types of martial art forms, I think without the samurai’s we wouldn’t have as many forms of martial arts. Also because of the samurai we now have movies and tv shows based off of them.

Chapter 16 Modern Day Connection - zero

2018

If the Mayans hadn’t developed the symbol for zero math would be very different, there wouldn’t have be tens, hundreds, thousands and etc.. This was a very big step forward in the history of math.

Chapter 18 Modern Day Connection - Crusades

2018

Even though the Crusades weren’t all that great, it has impacted us and helped us today. The Crusades lead to more trade between Europe and Asia, and even gave Christians a mutual understanding with the Muslims. Ultimately with the Crusades and Black Death happening at the same time a lot of people died, this then lead to the end of the feudal system and enabling the serfs and peasants to not be working for someone. The end of the feudal system also lead to the Renaissance.

Chapter 19 - Modern Day Connection

2018

Guttenbergs printing press, because of this printing press we now have the printers and photocopiers we have today. Perhaps without Guttenbergs printing press there might’ve not been a reformation and the Church may not have split, it was only because of the printing press that Martin Luther’s Ninety-five theses was spread. If the printing press ceased to exist we may still be copying things by hand even to this day, books would also probably be extremely expensive and valuable.

Chapter 20 Modern Day Connection - Columbian Trade

2018

Because of the Columbian Trade foods and cultures were exchanged. Nowadays when you think about potatoes you would think about Europe because it’s greatly used there. Maybe the great famine wouldn’t have happened if potatoes hadn’t been brought to Europe, because then they wouldn’t have been so dependent on potatoes but instead something else. So perhaps the population of Europe could have been bigger, and many food dishes would cease to exist.

Chapter 21 Modern Day Connection - Decleration of independence

2018

Because of the Decleration of Indipendence the United States of America was born. The government no had to recognize the people’s natural rights and hav w a right to replace their government. If it wern’t for this the USA may not exist today, who knows what place that would now be. The Star spangled banner wouldn’t exist, maybe some space discoveries wouldn’t be discovered, there wouldn’t be a NASA. Without the Maericams fighting the French may not be a democratic government today.

Chapter 13 Africa Modern Day Connection - Music

2018

The music we hear today is developed off of the song the Griots wrote. After a period of time the songs they played developed into the song style known as the blues. The blues were then developed into the rock and jazz songs we hear today. If the Griots hadn’t developed the songs they had our music and our taste in it would be very different.

Chapter 17 Europe - Modern Day Connection

2018

If the Europeans hadn't gotten into trade we may still perhaps be using feudalism. It is only because of trade that the peasants were able to break out of feudalism and sort of start over again. If we still practiced feudalism, society would be different for we wouldn't have presidents and governments, it would also be perhaps chaotic.