-
Period: 10,000 BCE to 500 BCE
Chapter 3-Early Fertile Crescent People
Mesopotamians, Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Hittites and Kassites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Phoenicians. -
Period: 10,000 BCE to 300
Chapter 4-Egypt and Kush
Ancient Egypt - 10000 BC - 2700 BC
Old Kingdom - 2700 BC - 2200 BC
Middle Kingdom - 2050 BC - 1750 BC
New Kingdom - 1550 BC - 1050 BC
Ancient Kush - 3500 BC - 300 AD -
4000 BCE
3.2-Mesopotamia, Sumerians; the society shaped by religion
Sumerian people believed in polytheism, which is the belief of many gods. They had priests, for religious ceremonies. They also had a social hierarchy with kings, priests, merchants and artisans, farmers and laborers, as well as slaves, in that order. -
4000 BCE
3.3-Mesopotamia, Sumerian mathematics, arts and sciences
In mathematics and sciences, they created a mathematical system based on 60, as well as medicines. They also created the plow, wheel, and an early clock. Art forms included carved stone seals, ziggurat temples, and jewelry to name a few. -
3300 BCE
4.4-Egyptian achievements
Egyptians developed a writing system of hieroglyphics which they wrote on papyrus and the Rosetta Stone. -
3200 BCE
4.1-Egyptian geography span
Egypt was called "the gift of the Nile" because it was thriving along the Nile. The Nile flooded annually, causing rich silt for farming to coat the land. The Nile is the longest river in the world and is roughly 4000 miles long. -
3000 BCE
4.1-Ancient Egypt
Menes was the first pharaoh and ruler to unify Egypt in 3100 BC and he created the first dynasty. -
3000 BCE
3.1-Mesopotamians; hunter - gatherers, agriculture, food surplus,
Early Mesopotamians were hunter - gatherers; some hunted, others gathered. Next came agriculture which led to irrigation and a food surplus. This led to division of labor. -
2700 BCE
4.2-Egypt, religion
The Egyptians believed in many gods and the afterlife. Since they believed in the afterlife, the elite and all ranks above them were buried as well preserved mummies in large tombs called "pyramids". These tombs were built by slaves and farmers. -
2300 BCE
5.1-India's first main cities
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were the main cities at the time and Mohenjo Daro had right- angled streets as well as a simple indoor plumbing system. -
2300 BCE
5.2-India, Caste system
Castes, the Indian ranking and social system, came into play as Hinduism developed. The first were the Brahmin priests, then Kshatriyas, rulers and warriors, then Vaisyas, farmers, artisans and traders, then Sudras, workers and servants. -
2200 BCE
4.2-Egypt, Old kingdom
Khufu was the most famous pharaoh; pharoahs were at the top of the Egyptian society. Right behind the pharaoh was the elite and below them the scribes and artisans. Below the artisans were the slaves. -
2200 BCE
6.1 Xia and Shang dynasties
The Xia dynasty had many tales told about it, though not even scholars know if they are true.( 2200 BC )The Shang dynasty created one of the first written languages. ( 1500s BC ) -
Period: 2200 BCE to 220
Ch. 6, Ancient China
Xia dynasty - 2200 BC
Shang dynasty- 1500 BC
Zhou dynasty- 1050 - 400 BC
Qin dynasty- 221 - 206 BC
Han dynasty- 206 BC - AD 220 -
2000 BCE
3.2-The Rise of Sumer
The Sumerians started conquering the Fertile Crescent and started to create the first city- states because of emperor Sargon -
2000 BCE
5.5-India, Sanskrit
Sanskrit was the main language under the Aryans and was used to write many religious writings, like the famous Bhagavad Gita. -
2000 BCE
5.5-India, Sciences and Math
The Aryans were some of the first to use inoculation and Hindu-Arabic numerals, as well as advances in metallurgy. -
2000 BCE
8.1 the Minoans, Mycenaeans, and the Dark Ages
The Minoans were great traders and sailors. Their civilization was probably ended by a giant volcanic eruption near Crete. The Mycenaeans focused on trade and defense. During the Dark Ages, Greece developed cities and colonies in distant lands. -
Period: 2000 BCE to 500
Chapter 5-Ancient India
2000 BC - 320 BC- Aryans ruled
320 BC - 185 BC- Mauryan empire
320 AD - mid- 500s AD- Gupta empire -
Period: 2000 BCE to 500 BCE
Chapter 8 Ancient Greece
Minoans- 2000-1600 BC
Mycenaeans- 1600s -1200s BC
Dark age- 1200s-500 BC -
1800 BCE
3.3-Mesopotamia, Sumerian Technology
Cuneiform, the world's first system of writing after pictographs that weren't considered writing. This allowed job openings for scribes who copied writings and wrote original pieces like poems called "epics" which told stories about heroes. -
1750 BCE
4.3-Egypt's Middle Kingdom
Wealth and power decreased and nobles struggled to hold power. The kingdom was finally reunited by Mentuhotep II. Though, near the end of this kingdom the pharaoh could not hold power. -
1700 BCE
3.4-Mesopotamia, The Babylonians conquer Mesopotamia
Hammarabi was a good war king that had a series of 282 laws for everything in daily life. It was called Hammurabi's code. -
1550 BCE
4.3-Egypt's New Kingdom
Chaos struck again as the Middle Kingdom ended and this time Ahmose reunited Egypt. Leaders made an empire to prevent invasion. As Queen Hatshepsut took power, new trade routes and opportunities opened. Ramses the great took power and formed a large army. -
1250 BCE
5.2-India, Hinduism
Originally called Brahmism, the Hindu focus is on Brahman and it's many deities that reflect it's personality. Religious writings called Vedas were big parts of the religion and had thoughts written about them called Vedic texts. -
1100 BCE
6.2 Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty had kings who claimed to have the "Mandate of Heaven" and others believed as much also. -
Period: 1000 BCE to 1537
Chapter 16- The Early Americas
The Maya-1000 BC-1500s AD
The Aztecs- 1325 AD- 1521 AD
The Incas- 1400s AD- 1537 AD -
850 BCE
4.5-Kush and Egypt's conquests
Due to Kush's rise in wealth and military power, Egypt conquered Kush to keep them from invading. After that, Egypt lost power and after regaining their strength, the Kushites took over Egypt. 1500-850 BC -
800 BCE
8.3-Greece, mythology and literature
In Ancient Greece, people wanted to explain why certain things happened since they did not have modern science. To explain these things, they made up many tales about gods and goddesses. Later literature included heroes, fables and songs. -
800 BCE
10.1- The Rise of Rome
Legend has it, that Aeneas, a Trojan hero, fled from his home land to the mountainous Italyand fought Italians with the, also italian, Latins. From Aeneas’s descendants came two twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, who were sailed in a basket by an evil king. They were then rescued by a she wolf and raised by her until they built the city of Rome. Before the building, Romulus got angry with and therefore killed Remus, then named Rome after himself. -
Period: 800 BCE to 78 BCE
Chapter 10 - The Romans part 1
Kings’ rule - 753 BC - 509 BC
Republic rule - 509 - show in another chapter
Dictators’ rule - c. 500 - c. 450 BC -
600 BCE
8.2-Greece, Athenian government
The first rulers of Greece were tyrants and aristocrats. These were oligarchies. The people of Greece were no longer happy with their government and this gave birth to democracy. A man named Cleisthenes was the first man to come up with democracy. -
Period: 559 BCE to 60 BCE
Chapter 9 - The Greek World
The Persians - 556 - 486 BC
The Athenians - 900 - 404 BC
The Spartans - 900 - 323 BC
Alexander the Great’s Empire - 334 - 323 BC -
551 BCE
6.2 Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism
Confucius was a man who lived during the Zhou dynasty and helped it stop the warring states period with his ideas of peace and education( 551 - 479 BC ). Daoism was all about the right path (About 500 BC) and legalism was about strict laws. -
550 BCE
9.1 - The Persians
In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great founded the Persian Empire and as he conquered other peoples, he allowed them to keep their own customs. When he died in 529 BC, his son, Cambyses took the throne until he died and Darius I took over, killing all his rivals until the Empire was conquered by Alexander the Great took over The Persians Empire in 334 BC. -
550 BCE
9.2 - Sparta and Athens
Spartans trained for military since the age of 7 and it was very vigorous. The woman had many rights compared to those in other parts of Greece. Athenian boys were taught some military training, but mainly were taught to be good students and were taught maths, sciences, and philosophy. Athenian women had little to no rights at all. -
520 BCE
5.3-India, Buddhism
Buddhism revolves around the Buddha or the former Prince Siddhartha Gautama who was enlightened after meditating under a tree for seven weeks. They believe they must follow the four noble truths and the eight fold path. -
500 BCE
13.1- West Africa- Gold and Salt
Iron was used to make advanced weapons and salt and gold were used for trade. -
500 BCE
13.4- West Africa- Griots
Griots were storytellers that preserved the history of West Africa. This was done orally. This came with the risk of changing details because there was no written language of West Africans. -
Period: 500 BCE to 1500
Chapter 13- West Africa
Soninke- 500 BC - 300 AD
Ghana- 300 AD - 1230s AD
Mali- 1230s AD- 1500 AD
Songhai- 1400 AD - 1591 AD
Great Zimbabwe- 1100 AD - 1500 AD -
400 BCE
10.2 - Rome’s Government
After a series of kings, the Romans created a new government, called a republic. This consisted of consuls, magistrates, senators, and Assemblies and Tribunes. These groups had to use checks and balances to make sure that no one got too much power. -
320 BCE
5.4-India, Mauryan empire
Candragupta Maurya gained power over northern India and used several spies and 600,000 soldiers as well as many war elephants. Asoka was also a great military ruler, but gave it up to become a Buddhist monk. -
320 BCE
9.3 - Alexander the Great
Philip II was the king of Macedonia until his death in 336 BC due to a murdering. After he died, his 20-year-old son, Alexander took over and conquered most of the ancient world. After spreading Hellenistic culture, he died in Babylon in 323 BC and three of his generals split the Empire which soon fell completely. -
300 BCE
9.4 - Greek philosophy and arts
The Greeks excelled in arts, especially realistically detailed statues. They were also the founders of as well as big fans of philosophy with ten founder being Socrates. They built a magnificent temple called the Parthenon as well. They also made mathematical advances with Euclid the great geometry teacher and Hippocrates a great doctor. -
221 BCE
6.3 Qin dynasty
The first Chinese empire was during the Qin dynasty under the reign of the first emperor, Shi Haungdi who enforced legalism and was responsible for the terra cotta soldiers. -
207 BCE
6.5 Han interactions
During the Han dynasty, the Silk Road developed as the invention and production of silk did. This valuable fabric brought wealth to China. This trade route also lead to the spread of Buddhism to China. -
206 BCE
6.4 the Han dynasty
Confucianism and strong family bonds were enforced. The Hans developed a version of a seismograph as well as acupuncture and many works of art, many of which were figure paintings. -
200 BCE
10.3 - The Late Republic
By circa 200 BC, the Romans had conquered most all of Italy. After these successes, they were absorbed into a series of battles called the Punic Wars. These lasted for a while and eventually led to a battle against the Carthaginian general, , named Hannibal. They did eventually defeat him and Carthage, however. -
170 BCE
4.5-Kush, the city of Meroe
In one of their main cities, the Kushites had many temples and other buildings. -
Period: 58 BCE to 1453
Chapter 11 - Rome and Christianity
Pax Romana - 58 BC - AD 180s
Eastern Roman Empire -late 200s - 1453
Western Roman Empire- late 200s - 450s -
44 BCE
11.1 - From Republic to Empire
In 58 BC, a general named Julius Caesar took power over Rome and started to conquer other lands. He also reduced the Senates' power which resulted with them murdering him. His adopted son, Octavian and his former assistant, Marc Antony, tried to avenge Caesars’s death . Marc Antony offends Octavian and commits suicide. Octavian later became ruler and is called Augustus. -
30 BCE
11.2 - Rome and Christianity
Originally, Rome was tolerant of the Jews. Then the Jews were seen as a political threat. Emperor Hadrian later banned certain Jewish rituals. This made Jews angry and they tried to cause a revolt. It failed and as a result the Romans burned Jerusalem . Christianity developed due to Jesus’s birth and resurrection. The Christians were killed brutally until Constantine became a Christian and ended the persecution. -
Period: 10 to
Chapter 15- Ancient Japan
Ainu- c. 10-1700 AD
Clans- c. 400 - c. 1100s
Emperors- 500s- 1192
Shogun- 1192 - 1800 -
200
15.1- Japan - Early Japan
The first people to live in Japan were the Ainu. No historians know exactly where they came from. Next there were clans. Each clan had a clan leader. -
200
11.3 - The End of the Empire
Outside threats caused the emperors to give up land because it was to hard to protect. An emperor named Diocletian split the Empire into an East and West half. The Western half fell in the four fifties, where as the Eastern half fell almost a thousand years later in 1453. -
320
5.4-India, the Gupta empire
Candra Gupta I was the emperor of the Gupta empire. through his son, Sumadra Gupta, and the rest of the rulers -including Candra- of the Gupta empire, Hinduism was enforced and the empire had almost all of the Ganges River valley conquered. The Gupta empire was at it's highest point under the rule of Candra Gupta II. -
500
16.1- Central America- The Maya inventions
The Mayans made a calendar that was more accurate than European calendars. The also made observatories and temple-pyramids. -
500
17.1- Europe- Geography
There are many mountains in Europe. There are also many seas and oceans surrounding this peninsula. The south is sunny and warm, and the northwest is colder. -
500
17.2- Europe - the Middle Ages begin with Christianity
The Middle Ages began in 500 and is sometimes called the medieval times or dark ages. During this time, many missionaries from countries once part of the Roman Empire set out to gain converts. -
Period: 500 to 1500
Chapter 17- Europe- The Early Middle Ages
Middle Ages- 500-1500
Charlemagne’s rule- 771- 814
Feudal system- 800s-1300s -
570
12.1 - The roots of Islam
Muhammad was a boy who traveled in a caravan in his early years. When he was age 25, he got married and started to stand up for the poor. He is now known by Muslims as a prophet of Allah, or God. He was said to have been. Confronted by an angel and the things that were said now make up the Qur’ an. -
570
12.2 - Islamic Beleifs and practices
There are two main branches of Islamic beliefs; the Sunnah and the Shariah. Though they have many differences, they both try to follow the five pillars. The five pillars are the statement, five daily prayers, alms giving, fasting during Ramadan, and traveling to Mecca at least once if possible. -
Period: 570 to
Chapter 12 - The Islamic World
The Ottoman Empire- 1200s - 1800s
The. Safavid Empire- 1501- 1700s
The Mughal Empire- 1526 - 1600s -
589
14.1-China reunified
In AD 589, Yang Jian unified China. This began the Sui dynasty that started the age of Buddhism. Then was the Tang Dynasty that was the golden age of China. Then it was the Song Dynasty that had many agricultural advances. -
Period: 589 to
Chapter 14- China
Dynasties
Sui- AD 589-618
Tang - AD 618-c.918
Song-960-1279
Yuan-1279-1368
Ming- 1368- 1644 -
794
15.2- Japanese Art
The Japanese used many art forms. Their elaborate clothes and beautiful paintings were only a few forms of art. They also had the first novel by lady Murasaki Shikibo called The Tale Of Genji. They had great performing arts and Chinese architecture. They also had Noh which was essentially musicals. -
800
13.2-Ghana- Trade
Trade impacted Ghana greatly, through silent bartering of Gold and salt. Because of the increased trade Ghana was able to make money from taxes and expand its borders. -
800
17.3- European Feudalism
Feudalism was a system that has kings, nobles, knights, and peasants. The nobles were vassals to the king. The knights were vassals to nobles, and peasants did all the hard work. -
800
17.4- European Feudal societies - Knights vs. Samurai
Knights and Samurai both had horses, flags, armor, and weapons. The knights had thin , metal armor and the Samurai had thick, woven armor. They both also had a code of honor and held great respect. -
918
14.2- China- Tang and Song achievements
During the Tang Dynasty, there were inventions like woodblock printing, painting, gunpowder,and the compass. The Song Dynasty had achievements like irrigation techniques, porcelain,ports, fast growing rice, and paper money. -
1000
18.1- Europe- The Pope vs. the King
In the mid-1000s, the pope, Pope Gregory VII, thought that he should have the right to choose the Bishops, not the king. The king, Henry IV, disagreed, causing a series of debates between the two. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Chapter 18- The Later Middle Ages
The Crusades- 1096-1201
The Magna Carta- 1215
The Hundred Years’ War- 1328- 1453
The Black Death- 1347-1351 -
1096
18.2- Europe- The Crusades
The Christians of Europe decided to fight back and gain the Holy Land, Palestine, from the Muslims in response to an attack. This led to a series of crusades. These crusades merely ended in many deaths and the mixing of cultures and trade between the Muslims and the Christians. -
1100
14.3- China- Confucianism
Confucianism was a philosophy that Confucius started. It teaches ethics and proper behavior. Neo-Confucianism was a new look at Confucianism. It focused on things more spiritually. -
1100
15.3- Japan- Military Society
Up until the 1100s, Emperors ruled Japan. Then, the Shogun- or military leaders- took over Japan, keeping the Emperor a figurehead. Under the Shogun was the Daimyo and Samurai. Then under the The mass population; the peasants. -
1200
12.3 - Islamic empires
The Ottoman Empire started in the mid-1200s. Under the rule of Mehmed II, they conquered the Byzantine Empire. The later sultan, Suleyman I, got the Empire to its height. The next Empire was the Safavid Empire. Under this Empire, Islam split into the Shi’a and the Sunni. The next Empire was the Mughal which gained much more territory for India. -
1200
18.3- Europe- Monks and Friars
The monks and friars of Europe led very different lives. Monks lived in isolation in monasteries, away from public people. Friars lived and worked among the common public. -
1206
14.4- China- Yuan and Ming dynasties
The Mongols took power over China in 1206. The leader was Ghengis Khan. He ruled ruthlessly and terrorized many people. He gained a large Empire and kept it by fear. When he died, his grandson, Kublai Khan, took power. He held an even larger Empire, until he died and the Empire lasted until 1644. -
1215
18.4- Europe- The Magna Carta
In 1215, Europe was fed up with the cruel kings’ rule. They forced him to sign the Magna Carta, saying that even he must follow the laws and be fair and just. -
Period: 1270 to
Chapter 19-The Renaissance and Reformation
The Italian Renaissance- 1270-1650
Marco Polo’s journey- 1271-1291
The Renaissance Beyond Italy-1300s-1650
The Reformation-1517 -
1312
13.3- Mali- Mansa Musa
Mansa Musa was the most famous ruler of Mali. He was so rich that when he went on the Hajj, he caused much inflation. He built schools and stood for education. After his death, his son ruined the empire. -
1327
16.2- Tenochtitlan - Aztec religion
Aztec religion was a major part of their life. They would regularly have wars just to get prisoners to sacrifice to their gods. They sacrificed about 10000 people a year. -
1455
19.2-Europe- The Printing Press
The printing press was invented during the Renaissance by Johann Gutenberg. It was used for printing many books so that many people could read books. It used movable type to print the pages. -
1480
18.5- Spain - Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was a group of priests who went around Spain and accused heretics, Muslims, and Jews. They had cruel punishments and about 2,000 people were sentenced to death in Spain. -
Period: 1487 to
Chapter 20- Europe and More- Science and Exploration
Scientific revolution- 1540- 1700
Exploration- 1487-1580 -
1492
20.2- Spain and the Americas- Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was one of the best-known discoverers. He is credited for discovering the Americas, even though the entire time, he believed that the native Americans were Indians. -
1500
16.3- Peru - Incan achievements
The Incas were able to cut stone so perfectly that they did not need cement. They also made beautiful textiles and gold and silver works. -
1500
20.3-The Americas- The Colombian Exchange
Europe and America exchanged many goods at the time of the Colombian exchange. Europe gave America things like horses, coffee, and wheat, whereas rhe Americas gave things like peanuts, pumpkins, and turkey. -
1517
19.3- Europe- The Reformation
In 1517, Martin Luther nailed the 95 theses to the door of the church. It accused the church of all their corrupt ways and educated people. It said that “indulgences” were useless and included many more accurate statements. -
1531
19.1-Famous Italian Works
There were many influential people and works during the Italian Renaissance. Two amazing authors at the time were Dante Alighieri and Niccolo Machiavelli. Two of the most famous artists, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, were also from this time period. -
12.4 - Cultural Achievements
In astronomy, the Muslims improved the Astrolabe. In geography, newer maps. In philosophy came Sufism. In medicine, new schools. In literature, famous poets and poetry. And finally, in arts, architecture and calligraphy. -
20.1- Europe-Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer was very influential. He created a primitive telescope and thermometer. He discovered Jupiter’s moons and was put on house arrest by the church for believing Copernican theory. -
Period: to
Chapter 21- The World-Enlightenment
Voltaire- 1694-1778
John Locke- 1632-1704
Charles-Louis Montesquieu-1689-1755
Jean-Jacques Rousseau-1712-1778
American Revolution-1775-1776
French Revolution-1789-1794 -
21.2- Europe- Philosophers
John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were European philosophers who believed that their current governments were incorrect. -
21.1- Europe- Religions’ Role in the Enlightenment
During the Enlightenment, many people started to rebel against religious intolerance. Voltaire was one French philosopher who was tired of religious intolerance. He was a humanist. -
21.3- Americas- Revolution
By 1775, British colonies in America were fed up with British rule. They revolted, fought, and were independent by 1776. This was a revolution that was inspired by, then later inspired other revolutions such as the French Revolution. -
USA, Jordan Stuart
I was born. -
Chapter 6- Modern day Mandarin Chinese language
Even today the Shang period writing is used in Mandarin with some changes. -
Chapter 8- Modern day government
Since the creation of democrac in Ancient Greece, many countries have become democratic. -
Chapter 10 - Modern day connection
In the United States today,the government is a republic, similar to Rome -
Chapter 3-Modern day Mesopotamian connection
Similar to Hammurabi's code, people still must follow laws today or suffer the consequences for every crime. -
Chapter 4-Modern day Egypt and Kush
Egypt still has some standing pyramids and other monuments. Kush is now the land of Nubia and also has about 50 standing pyramids of their own shape and size. -
Chapter 5-Modern day Indian connection
People still follow Hinduism and Buddhism strongly. -
Chapter 9 - Modern day connection
People who wish to become doctors today still must say the Hippocrtatic Oath. -
Chapter 11 Modern Day
Like in Ancient Rome, Jews are still persecuted today. -
Modern day Chapter 12
People still follow Islamic beleifs today. -
Chapter 18- Europe- Modern Day Connection
The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, has influenced many government systems today. -
Chapter 14 China Modern day connection
Paper money that was used during the Song Dynasty inspired much of our money today. -
Chapter 15 - Modern day connection
Just like in 1192, there are figureheads who “rule” countries today. Such as the queen of England. -
Chapter 16- Modern Day Connection
Many tourists still visit Machu Picchu, a city built by the Incas. -
Chapter 20- America- Modern Day Connection
America, now a very European-influenced country, was originally European-ized in 1492, when Columbus came. -
Chapter 21- America- the American revolution
The American Revolution has had obvious effects on America, creating the democratic republic we have today. -
Chapter 13- West Africa- Modern day connection
Music from early Mali is considered blues and jazz today. -
Chapter 17- Modern Day Connection
Just like the Middle Ages, there are still many Christian missionaries all over the world. -
Chapter 19- Europe - Modern Day Connection
The works and legacy of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci still live on today. Their works are regularly viewed.