-
Period: 10,000 BCE to 500 BCE
3- Early people of the Fertile Cresent
After the Sumerians, many cultures ruled parts of the Fertile Cresent including the Babylonians, Hittites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and the Phonecians. -
Period: 4500 BCE to 350
4- Anicient Egypt and Kush
The geography was important in the development of Egypt. The Nile River was the source of life in Egypt. Strong rulers then united all of a Egypt as one. During the old Kingdom, a social structure was developed. Religion was very important in Sgyptian life. Theit ideas of afterlife shaped their burial practices. During the middle and new kingdoms, greatness was restored in Egypt. The world's first writing system was developed in Egypt which was important in understanding Egyptian life. -
4000 BCE
3.1- Fertile Crescent- The geography
Early people of the Fertile Cresent could farm in there because the Fertile Cresent had the ideal conditions for farming. But raging floods destroyed the crops so they used irrigation and canals to solve the problems. This allowed for food surpluses and division of labor which lead to jobs. -
3500 BCE
3.3- Sumer- Early Achievements
At around 3500 BC, cuneiform (the world's first writing system) was invented in Mesopotamia. The Sumerians had many inventions that changed their lives. Many types of art also developed in Sumer. The Sumerians were known for their fine architecture and pyramid shaped temple towers called Ziggurats. -
3200 BCE
4.1- Nile Valley- Geography
Water and fertile soils made it ideal for early settlers in Egypt. The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It also had cataracts and yearly floods that allowed crops to grow welll in the hot climate. Civilization developed along the Nile because it was hard for invaders to enter Egypt. At around 3100 BC, Menes rose to power over Egypt. He then became the first pharaoh of Egypt. -
3000 BCE
3.2- Mesopotamia- Rise of Sumer
The first civilization was devoleped by the Sumeranians in Mesopotamia. Sumer was a city state lead by Sargon and established the world's first empire. Sumerian religion was a very important part of their daily life as they believed in polytheism, the belief of many Gods. The sumeranians also developed a social hierarchy at which the priest play a important role. -
3000 BCE
3.4- Egypt- Egyptian Achievements
The Egyptians made great achievements regarding writing, architecture, and Art. They developed a writing system using hieroglyphics. Egyptian art can be found in temples and tombs. Archeologists could understand the Egyptian writing system using the Rosetta Stone. The temple of Karnak was the largest Egyptian temple built for the God of the Sun. It had great Egyptian art and had obelisks and sphinxes. -
2300 BCE
5.2- India- Geography
Early civilization developed more along the Indus River. The geography of India includes high mountains of the Himalayas, rivers, and heavy rain called monsoons. The Harappan civilazation developed along the Indus River and was one of Indias first civilizations. -
Period: 2300 BCE to 320
5- Ancient India
Early civilization in India developed along the Indus River. Hinduism is the largest belief in India today and was developed by ancient Indian practices. Buddhism also developed in India and became one of the major religions. After that, Indian armies conquered India and built strong empires. -
2000 BCE
8.1- Greece- Geography and Early Greeks
The mountains and the seas strongly influenced the development of the city states. The ground on the mountains were not very fertile so the Greeks resulted in going out to the ocean. The two earliest cultures to develop there were the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans were located in Crete and were excellent ship builders. The Mycenaeans lived in Mycenae/Greece and built many fortresses. They did not speak the Greek language but were considered Greek. -
2000 BCE
4.3-Egypt- Middle Kingdom
At the end of the Old Kingdom, the pharoah's wealth aand power had declined. Pyramids costed too much money and they couuld not collect enough taxes. By 2200 BC, the Old Kingdom had fallen because nobles gained enough power to challenge pharoahs. During this time, there was chaos. Finally at around 2050 BC, pharoah Mentuhotep restored stability in Egypt. -
Period: 2000 BCE to 500 BCE
8- Ancient Greece
The geography of Greece helped shape their culture and trading lead to developing the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. Government in Athens was continuously changing until they created a democracy. The democratic government is still used in many countries and is the most popular. The Greeks also developed myths and Gods to explain how the world works. The Olympic Games was first developed in Greece. -
1800 BCE
3.4- Euphrates river- Rise of Babylon
By 200 BC, Ur lay in ruins and several people groups battled over Mesopotamia. On of the first to go so were the Babylonians. They were home to a powerful government. Hammurabi became Babylon's king in 1792 BC.He was an excellent leader and brought all of Mesopotamia to his empire. He also created Hammurabi's code which was a set of 282 laws. -
1600 BCE
3.4- Mesopotamia- Later People of the fertile Crescent
From about 1600 BC to 500 BC, many cultures ruled the fertile Crescent. they include: The Hittites and Kassites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Phoenicia. Mesopotamian culture were changed by the invasions. The Phoenicians were well known for their trading in the eastern Mediterranean region. This allowed thew to find new cities and build trade networks. they also developed on of the world's first alphabets. -
1600 BCE
6.1- China- Early China
Farming in China was possible because of the Huang He and Chang Jiang River. The Huang He is about 3000 miles long and is located in Northern China. These rivers gave fertile silt that was great for farming. This helped develop a civilization. The first dynasty was the Shang dynasty that was established by 1500BC . -
Period: 1600 BCE to 1 CE
6-Ancient China
Chinese civilization began along the Huang/ Yellow River. The Zhou dynasty expanded China but then declined. After that, the Qin dynasty unified all of China and China was named after the Qin. The Qin formed and rebuilt the Great Wall of China that is now one of the 7 wonders of the world. -
1550 BCE
4.3- Egypt- New Kingdom
During this time, Ahmose rose to power and started the New Kingdom. This was also the beginning of Egypt's 18th dynasty.The New Kingdom was a time that Egypt gained its fullest power by trade and brought tremendous wealth to pharaohs.The Egyptian trade also brought contact with more distant lands, allowing them to develop trade routes. As the population increased, Egypt required more people to take on more different jobs like Soldiers, Artisans, Architects, and Artists. -
1250 BCE
5.2- India- Origins of Hinduism
Hinduism was developed from ancient Indian beliefs and practices. It is one of the major religions in the world and is India's main religion. During this time, the Indians developed the caste system which was based on a person's wealth, birth, and occupation. The Aryan believe in Brahmanism which was based on reincarnation. -
1100 BCE
6.2- China- Zhou dynasty
The Zhou developed a political system and was the longest lasting dynasty. During the time, the King was the Mandate from Heaven which meant that he was chosen from the Heaven. Later, the Warring states period began and the families weaken. Confucius offered ides to bring order to the society like moral values for right and wrong. His ideas were a philosophy which was a way of thinking. -
1000 BCE
3.5- Nubia- Ancient Kush
The kingdom of Kush which is now Nubia developed a strong trading network. The geography of Kush helped the people develop there because it was protected by large cataracts and other geographical features. Kush and Egypt traded and they also fought. The fall of the Kushite empire was when the Egyptians conquered them because they were afraid that the Kushite empire would be too strong. At around 850 BC the Kushites regained power by a great ruler named Piankhi. -
Period: 753 BCE to 27 BCE
10- The Roman Republic
Rome started from a small town in it became a large territory by war and invasions. They also had great achievements in creating a strong government society which kept things fair. The Romans were like the Greeks and they had many influences in the world. Like the other early civilizations, Rome was protected by geographical features which helped them prosper. -
573 BCE
10.1- Rome- Geography
The geography of Rome made traveling difficult but protected them from outside invaders. There are no written records of Rome’s early history but they were Aeneas. Rome had seven early kings that tried many ways to govern their Republic. The wealthy men were elected as leaders Rome was populated by the plebeians and the patricians. -
550 BCE
9.1- Greece- Greece and Persia
Cyrus the Great started the Persian empire in 550BC. His army included the cavalry who were fighters on horse backs and the Imortals who were elite soldiers. After the death of Cyrus, his son Cambyses took over and conquered Egypt. Then, he died in the rebellion in Persia and left Persia without a clear leader. Darius took over and wanted to take over Greece in the Persian War. He was victorious uniting Xerxes took over and lost the second battle. -
Period: 550 BCE to 30 BCE
9- The Greek World
The early Greek world was conquered and controlled by many different people groups. Some of the people who ruled at this time were greats and much known around the world. Some of them include Alexander the Great and Cyrus the Great. War has termined power in early Greece. They were also known for their great military advances. -
509 BCE
10.2- Rome- Government and Society
The Romans used the Magestrates, Senetes, Assemblies and Tibunes to keep order in their society. They were three different groups of people that could elect. They also had written laws in the Roman Forum to protect the people’s rights. The Roman Forum was the center if life and public place for the Romans. The Forum was a lace where they could trade and give speeches in public. -
500 BCE
5.3- India- Origins of Buddhism.
The religion of Buddhism first started in India and soon became one of the main religions. Buddhism is the teaching of the Buddha. The teachings of zbuddhism deal with finding peace. Buddhism had four guiding systems that were known as the Four Noble Truths. It means that people have suffering that comes from pleasure and everyone wants to reach nirvana which is a state of perfect peace. -
500 BCE
8.2- Greece- Government
Athens was the city that started democracy. Early Athens were ruled by aristocrats and was a oligarchy that d by few. In 546BC, Peisistraus gained power and was called a tyrant meaning he was a leader that held power through force. After that, the people of Athens wanted change and used the people to vote. This was when Athens developed the worlds first democracy. The people voted by raising hands of by writing on broken pieces of clay. -
500 BCE
13.1- West Africa- Landforms
The Sahara is the largest desert in the world. The Sahel is a mostly dry area located under the Sahara. Under the Sahel, is rainforests that are moist and wet. The Niger River is located in West Africa and was essential for the development of civilization. -
500 BCE
13.4- West Africa- The Griots
A griot is a storyteller that helped preserve West African History. They did this by telling other griots about the story. This action was called an oral history. There was a risk of details changing over time when sharing an oral history. But unfortunately, West Africans never developed a written language. -
Period: 500 BCE to 1580 BCE
13- Early African Civilizations
West Africa is full of gold and salt which allowed the Early Africans to be wealthy. The Niger River also played an important role in the early developments of West Africa. This area was ruled my many famous leaders including Mansa Musa and Great. Mali’s Empire was very powerful until the Moroccans invaded them. -
431 BCE
9.2- Greece- Sparta and Athens
In Sparta, men were trained to fight at a young age. They valued Great military power and women had more rights. In Athens, they valued physical and mental power. They focused on their thinking and women had less rights because men were thought to be smarter. There was tension between the two groups and they fought. The Athenians created the Delion League to protect themselves. The Spartans created the Peloponesian League to stop Athens from taking over. -
400 BCE
8.3- Greece- Mythology and Literature
Ancient Greeks believed in many Gods. They believed in mythology to explain the world by telling stories of Gods and Heroes. The Greeks had many ways to honor their Gods like sporting contests. Not all myths were about Gods, some were about Heroes with great abilities that faced terrible monsters. Lyric poetry was very common in Greece because they loves ppd writing poems and fables. Other Greeks told stories to teach important lessons. Fables are give lessons about how to live. -
400 BCE
10.3- Rome The Late Republic
The Romans started to take territory from their rivals. The used a Legion which was a army of 6000 men to take overall of Italy. Rome was viewed as a threat and Carthage began the Punic wars with the Romans. Rome was arracked by Hannabul but the Romans destroyed Carthage. They then conquered Spain, Northern Africa, and Greece. After that, there were conflicts within Rome and they were ruled by a dictator and no more Republic. -
334 BCE
9.3- Greece/Macedonia- Alexander the Great.
King Philip of Macedonia conquered all of Greece and had great military power. After his death, his son Alexander took over at a young age. He began to conquer everyone including the Persian Empire and Egypt. He ruled all the way to the Indus River and stopped there. He spread the Greek culture and Hellenistic ideas to everyone. After his death, his empire split into 3 groups: Hellenistic Macedonia, Syria, and Egypt. -
320 BCE
5.4- India- Indian Empires
The Mauryas and Guptas built great empires in India. Chandragupta Maurya had control over the northern India and started the Mauryan empire which lasted about 150 years. The Mauryas used elephants in was which gave them great military advantage. After the Mauryan empire fell, Chandra Gupta II took throne in India and brought India to its high point. -
300 BCE
9.4- Greece- Greek Achievements
The Greeks were know for their realistic statues and paintings. They also had great architecture that used collumns to build large buildings. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were great philosophers who believed in the power of the human mind. The Greeks also had great advances in mathematics and invented the water screw for irrigation. -
300 BCE
11.2- Rome- The Empire and Religion
Rome had freedom of Worship but they had clashes with the Jews. The Romans banned any religion that was a threat. The Jews did not want to be ruled by the Romans so King Hadrian banned Jewish rituals and he destroyed Jerusalem. Jesus’s birth marked the change between BC to AD. This was the start of the religion of Christianity. For the first 300 years, the Christians were persecuted but after 300AD, Constantine made Christianity Rome’s religion. -
225 BCE
6.3- China- Qin dynasty
The first Qin emperor created a strong, strict government. He unified alll of China and called himself 'Shi Huang Di' which meant the first emperor. His solution to problems was legalism whihc was the deliver that people were bad and needed to be controlled. He unified all of China and used standardization and had the same laws, writing system, and money. He also used slaves to improve the Great Wall of China. -
206 BCE
6.4- China- Han dynasty
The Han government was based on Confucianism. Liu Bang was the first common person emperor. He gained loyalty and trust by freeing the people from legalism. Family life was strengthened in the Han dynasty. The father had absolute power and disobedience was a crime. The Hans were great at painting people and poetry. They also created paper, sundials, and the seismograph. -
206 BCE
6.5- The Han's Trade
The Han dynasty had many advances in farming and manufacturing. They created iron swords, armor, and plows for farming. They were experts at making the silk fabric and developed foot- powered looms. The Silk Road was a 4000mile long trad routes was named after the silk that China traded. Silk was popular in Rome and China became wealthy. The Silk Roead also brought new ideas to China and the decline of the Han empire helped spread Buddhism. -
58 BCE
11.1- Rome- Republic to Empire
During this time, there were chaos between the politicians and the generals. This lead to Julius Caesar’s rise in power. He was the most powerful Roman general and he conquered Gaul and made himself dictator for life. He was then stabbed to death which lead to Octavian becoming empire of Rome. After that, there was the Pax Romana which was a time in Roman History when Rome restored peace. -
Period: 44 BCE to 1453
11- Rome and Christianity
During this time in Rome, it changes from a Republic to an empire. This was also the time when Julius Caesar’s became one of the worlds most famous dictator. After they, there was the Pax Romana which was a period in time where Rome restored peace. Rome had a great influence on some of the religions like Christianity that is one of the most popular religion. Later, Rome suffered from internal and external threats that lead to the decline of the Roman Empire. -
Period: 200 to 1537
16- The Early Americans
The early Americans included the Mayans, the Incas, and the Aztecs. Most of these people groups believed in blood sacrifices for their polytheistic beliefs. During their time, they had many advances like masonaries, pyramids, and causeways. The earliest American people group, the Mayans ended but no one knows how they ended. But the the other two groups were ended by Spanish invasions -
250
16.1- America- The Mayans
The Mayans were located in Mesoamerica or Centralamerica. They lived in small villages and grew maize or corn. They traded obsidian and jade. They also built canals for trade and movement because of the heavy jade and obsidian. The Mayans believed were polytheistic and they believed that their Gods needed blood. They had a accurate calendar and observatories. The Mayan decline is unknown because there were no written records. -
300
5.5- India- Indian Achievements
Indian religious arts were paintings and sculptures of Hindu and Buddhist teachings. Early Hindu temples were small stone structures that had flat roofs and contained one or two rooms. Painters were greatly respected as a profession. Most painting form the Gupta period were bright and colorful. Sanskrit was the main language of the Ancient Aryans. They created many works of literatures which were later translated into other languages. -
300
17.1- Europe- The Geography
The early people were European but is a part of Eurasia is Europe and Asia. The aural mountains divide Europe and Asia with many different topographies. Topography is the shape and elevation of land. Most of Europe are on the alps or mountains with the Scandinavian peninsula as the largest of the peninsulas there. -
410
11.3- Rome- End of the Empire
Rome suffered from internal and external threats. Some of the internal threats were diseases and lack of farmers. The external threat was that the empire was too big to defend so they had to give up some of their land. The Empire was divided into the eastern sand western empire. Attila the Hun attacked the Roman Empire and the Empire ended. Justinian reunited the empire and started the Byzantine society. -
Period: 430 to 1066
17- The Early Middle Ages
The early middle ages began with civilization throughout Eurasia. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Christianity began to spread throughout Europe. The Franks built the first Christian empire and used feudalism to govern their society. Their society and government was very similar to the Japanese system. -
500
15.1- Japan- Geography and Early Japan
Japan is only about 20% flat land. This made farming hard so they mostly relied on the sea for food. The first Japanese were the Ainu and they lived in clans with chiefs descended from nature spirits. The early Japanese had no written language so they used the Chinese characters. Prince Shotoku brought Chinese culture to Japan like Confucianism. -
Period: 550 to
15- Japan
Japan is an island located next to Korea and China. Most of Japan are mountains and their location close to the ocean allowed them to travel and fish. Japan had a social hierarchy similar to the other early civilizations. They were also known for their trade with other parts of the world and their samurai warriors. -
Period: 550 to
12- The Islamic World
The Islamic World was located in Arabia. It was a popular place where people traded. A new religion was started by prophet Muhammad who spread the Muslim teachings. The Muslim religion soon became the second most popular after Christianity. They started an empire and conquered most of the known world in their time. -
Period: 589 to
14- Later Dynasties in China
The period of disunion was ended during the Sui dynasty. Soon after, China experienced the golden age of China. China had many advanced in technology and trade. China was then taken over by the Mongols and it became the largest empire in world history. -
600
14.1- China- Tang and Sui Dynasties
During the Sui dynasty, China was reunified under Yang Jian. He began building the grand canal which helped the society. After that, the Tang Dynasty experienced the golden age of Chinese civilization. Emperess Wu was also the only female ruler to rule China. -
600
12.1- Arabia- Roots of Islam
Arabia was called an intersection because it was a peninsula that was in the middle of the trading routes. The Arabians lived either a nomadic or sedentary life. Muhammad was a prophet from Mecca, Arabia who thought and started the Muslim religion. He focused his teachings on the Kur’an and monotheism that believed that allah was God. His teachings influenced many people in Mecca, Medina, and other Arabian tribes. -
650
12.2- Arabia- Islamic Beliefs and Practices
During the time of prophet Muhammad, many people practices his teachings recorded in the Kur’an. The Kur’an emphasized on the guidelines of behaviors and practices. A important part of the Kur’an is the jihad. The five pillars of Islam are the five acts of worship that every Muslim should follow. Some of the acts include giving to the poor, fastin and praying five times a day. -
700
17.2- Europe- After the Fall of Rome
It was at the big inning of the Middle Ages where Christianity started to spread throughout Europe. Europe was divided into two small kingdoms and Christianity spread by the popes, monasteries, and monks. The Franks built and empire and conquered Gaul. Charlemagne was the most well known among the Franks. He conquered land in the former Roman Empire. They also had their capital city at Aachan (Germany). -
750
12.3- Arabia- Islamic Empires
After Muhammad’s death, Abu Bakr became the first caliph over Arabia. The Shia believed that the caliphs must be descendants of Muhammad while the Sunnis believed that the caliph didn’t have to be. Islam grew into an empire from the trading that helped spread the religion. There were three Islamic Empires who were the Ottoman, Safavid, and the Mughal. -
800
17.3- Europe- Feudalism
By the 800s, feudalism was very important in governing the knights and nobles. Feudalism started when many quick invasions from several groups attacked. Feudalism was started by the Franks is Gaul and spread to Britain by William the conquero. William deffened Britain at the battle of Hatings and became the new English king. -
800
13.2- Ghana- Trade
Trade impacted Ghana greatly, through silent bartering of gold and salt. Because of the increased trade Ghana was able to make money from taxes and expand its borders. -
1000
15.2- Japan- Heian modern day Kyoto
There was a new capital in Japan called Heian which is modern day Kyoto. They developed their own unique fashion and literature. The first Japanese novel was written by lady Murosaki Shikibu. Their architecture was similar to China and they had their own visual and performing arts. -
1000
14.2- China- The Song Achievements
The Song had many advances including fast-ripening rice, celadon porcelain, irrigation techniques and open ports for trade. Li Qinghai was the most famous poet. Neo-Confucianism was also developed during this time where they took Confucian beliefs and upgraded them. -
1000
18.1- Britain- Popes and Kings
The pope was the leader of the church who gave guidance on how to live and pray. They became very powerful and could excommunicate people including nobles and kings. The kings at the time were chosen by family or elected by nobles. Kings and popes fight for power to select which could chose the bishop. The compromise of 1122: popes, kings, bishops, priests. -
Period: 1066 to 1492
18- The Later Middle Ages
Feudalism was introduced into Britain. During this time, the popes and kings had the most power in the societies. Christians and Muslims fought over to take over the Holy Land, the crusades. The Christian Church was the center of the society. When the Black Death hit Europe, it kill about 33% of its population. This lead to the decrease and end of feudalism. -
1100
18.2- England- The Crusades
The crusades were a series of wars between the European Christians and the Muslims. The goal was to take control of Palestine the Holy Land. The crusades created tension between the different people groups but it also helped trade to develop. -
1200
15.3- Japan- A Military Society
During this time Japan was ruled by the Samurai and the Shogans. Lord of landowners called Daimyo had to protect their land so they hired samurai who were professionally trained fighters. The shogun was the strongest samurai who ruled under the emperor’s name. The samurai warriors followed the Bushido code of rules. -
1200
18.3- England- Christianity and Medieval Society
The Church was the center of life in the medieval society. They had church officials called clergy. During this time, they also built universities and they were taught in Latin. Thomas Aquinas was one of the famous teachers during the time. He believed in natural law which was the law that governed how the world operates. -
Period: 1271 to
19- The Renaissance and Reformation
During the Renaissance, the Silk Road reopens and more trade developed between Europe and Asia. This was the time where many discoveries and advances were made. Famous people like Leonardo da Vinci and Michaelangelo lived during this time. There was also a reformation or change of the Catholic Church which caused religious wars and splits between the churches. -
1300
16.2- America- The Aztecs
The Aztecs built an empire which was based on war, tribute and trade. Merchants were spies and salesmen at the time. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. It their capital, they developed causeways which was raised road safety for travel and chinampas which were floating garden sites on water. They believed in large amounts of human sacrifices which were usually victims captured from war. In 1519 Hernan Cortez conquers the Aztecs with the help of the Indians. -
1300
12.4- Arabia- Cultural Achievements
The empires of the Islamic World made lasting achievements in the field of Science and Philosophy. They studied astronomy, geography, math, and philosophy. They also had one of the greatest advanced in medicine. The Muslims had great calligraphy that was or decorative writing. -
1300
14.3- China- Genghis and Kublai Khan
Genghis Khan was a fierce ruler who reunited the Mongolian tribes. He started conquering China and brought fear to everyone. Kublain Khan was Genghis’s grandson. He started the Yuan dynasty and took over everyone. His empire became the largest in history and most of the information that we know came from Marco Polo who was a European who visited China. -
1300
17.4- Europe- Feudalism in Japan and Europe
Feudalism was very similar to the society in Japan. Both systems had lords and warriors to defend their land then peasants and farmers. The European honerable behavior for the knights were chivalry while the Japanese had the Bushido Code fo Laws. Although heir government systems very very similar, their arts and culture differs in many ways. The Japanese had nature themed arts while the Europeans had religious themed arts. -
1300
19.1- Europe- Italian Renaissance
During the Italian Renaissance there was increased trad between Europe and Asia because the Silk Road reopened. The were more stuff available to trade with each other so the pricesof things decreased and the trade increased. There were three major trade cities in Italy: Venice, Milan, and Florence. Famous writers like Leonardo da Vince and Michaelangelo focused on humanism and classical writings. -
1324
13.3- Mali- Mansa Munsa
Mansa Musa was the most famous Mali leader. He was super rich. He caused inflation where ever he went. He also took a pilgrimage to Mecca. He built schools and believed in the value of education. After his death, his son lost control of the empire and the empire fell. -
1350
12.4- England- The Black Death
The Black Death was a plague that swept through Europe and killed about 33% of the population. It happened during the Hundred Years’ War and it was caused by fleas on rats that were passed from Asia. Serfs and peasants began to demand wages for their work because so many people died during the Black Death. -
1350
18.4- England- The Black Death
The Black Death was a plague that swept through Europe. It killed about a third of the population. It killed more people than the Hundred Years’ War. Peasants began to demand wages for their work and it started the end of the major system. -
Period: 1416 to
20- Science and Exploration
During the scientific revolution people started to question their beliefs and studied the world using logic. Many famous scientist were from this time and they understood the universe. This created desire and opportunities to explore the world. Voyages and explorers helped discover America and Asia by sea route. -
1450
19.2- Europe- Renaissance Beyond Italy
There were many advances in math and science that helped to understand architecture and the universe. Johann Gutenberg’s printing press was used to print the Bible in different languages. The Italian universities focused on humanism which was based on the human body and not on supernatural ideas. William Shakespeare was the greatest english writer who wrote famous plays like Romeo and Juliet. -
1492
12.5- England- Challenges to Church Authority
The people began to question the church’s authority so the church fought against the Muslims and Jews. A crusade was sent against the hereby or non believers. As the Muslim moors got weaker, the Spanish Christians reconquered Spain (the reconquista). The Jews were discriminated and were treated badly. They were blamed for the Black Death and Jesus’s death. -
1492
18.5- England- Challanges to Church Authority
Some people started to question the church’s authority so the church fought against the Jews and the Muslims. A crusade was sent against the hereby or non believers. Muslim moors got weaker so they are conquered by the Spanish Christians. During this time, Columbus set sail to North America. The Jews faced discrimination and were treated badly. -
1492
20.2- Great Voyages
Many explorers set sail in the 1400s. Columbus found America in 1492. This discovery lead to a whole new continent which was know as “The New World.” Da Gama made it around the bottom of Africa to reach India. This made trade easier between Asia and Africa. Both discoveries helped boost the trade from Europe to the rest of the world. -
1500
16.3- America- The Incas
Then Incas became a huge empire with Cuzco as their capital city. Their economy was the Mita which was based on distribution not trade. Like the other early Americans, the Incas were polytheistic but they rarely had human sacrifices but rather animal sacrifices. They had roads that connected thenir empire and were experts in masonary. Their empire was ended by Pizarro who killed their king and got all the gold. -
1500
14.4- The Ming Dynasty
During the Ming dynasty, there were many famous sea voyages and Zheng He was a expert voyager and the time. The Forbidden city was built during the Ming dynasty were only the elites and the emperor was allowed to enter. The Great Wall was also renovated during the Ming dynasty. They put themselves under isolation from other countries which caused the fall of the Ming dynasty. -
1500
19.3- Europe- Refromation of Christianity
Some people though that they church at that time was taking advantage or the people. Martin Luther nailed the 95 theses which was complaints about the Church. He endcouraged that everyone should read the Bible and have a direct relationship with God. The Catholic reformation was to positively change the church. This caused religious wars and started the 30 Years’s War. The war was between the Protestants and the Holy Roman Empire. -
1510
20.1- Europe- Great Scientists
Before new scientists began to explore the universe, people believed in Aristotle and Ptolemy who thought that the earth was at the center of the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus was the first scientist to find out that the sun was at the center and that planets revolves around it. This lead to other scientific discoveries like Isaac Newton’s discovery of gravity which was based on the orbits of the planets. -
1550
20.3- Europe and the New World
The European counties created colonies which were small groups of people that moved into America. They also developed mercantilism where the government controlled all economic power. Slave trade began when the people moved into America. England got their power through trade and the Netherlands got their power through ship building. -
Period: to
21- Europe and the New World- The Enlightment
The past discoveries and lead to the ideas of enlightment. During the enlightment many philosophers and writers changed the society and government. The Age of Revolution changed the government system and America became an independent country. -
21.1- Europe and the New World- New Philosophers
During the Age of Reason many people began to question their beliefs and had new ideas based on Reason. Voltaire was a French philosopher who believed that humans can improve themselves and censorship is wrong. Adam Smith was a English writer who believed that economics was governed by natural law. -
21.2- Europe and the New World- Enlightment in America
The British policy in America was that the colonists were British citizens which meant that they must pay taxes. Although, they don’t get representation in the parliament. Benjamin Franklin was a colonist that believed that taxation without representation is wrong and colonist should have a voice in government. Thomas Jefferson was another colonist that wanted the colonies to be independent. -
21.3- Europe and the New World- Democracy in America
America wanted to be a new country so war started in 1775. The American Declaration of Independence was in 1776. The US constitution was written by James Madison and seperated the powers. The bill of rights was to protect the citizens. -
8- MD- Olympic Games.
The Olympic Games were first held in Olympia in honor of Zeus, their God. This is a major sporting event that happens once in four years and the last Olympic Games were held in Rio, 2016. -
6- MD- Great Wall
The Great Wall of China was built from the 600s to protect China from the invading groups. Now it is one of the seven wonders of the world and the main tourist attractions of China. Around 10 million people visit the Great Wall yearly. -
9- MD- Plays and Drama
The Greeks wee the first to create drama or plays of literature. They create different drama from books of writing. Greek drama is still popular in modern day because we wouldn't have movies without it. Some of the famous modern day Greek movies include Hercules and other movies about Greek myths. -
10- MD- Written Laws
The Romans were the first to create written laws to keep order in the society. This method of keeping order is still used today in differentiating what is right and wrong. You can still see this method used in public places or in places like a classroom where there are written rules to follow. -
11- MD- Christianity
The religion of Christianity first started in Judea from the teachings of one of the most influential person in History, Jesus. At the was ruled by Rome therefore the religion spread throughout the area of the Roman Empire. This religion is now the most popular religion in the modern world that we live in. Without this religion, our world would be a different place and we all would have different beliefs. -
12- MD- The Muslim Religion
The Muslim religion was started by Muhammad the prophet in the 600s AD. The religion quickly spread across Arabia and soon began to spread aground the world after the conquering of the Islamic empires. This religion is currently the fastest growing religion and the second most popular religion in the modern world today. -
15- MD- Martial Arts
The Japanese developed many forms of martial arts from the religious beliefs to protect their temples and other protection. Almost all the the arts are still practiced today. Some of the more well known martial arts are Karate and Judo which are modern Olympic sports. -
20- MD- Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange lead to more varieties of crops and livestock. Crops from America were exchanged with crops from Europe. Most of them are important in food we eat today. Some of the crops from the New World that weren’t knownof in Europe and Asia were beans, cacao, corn, and even turkeys. -
13- MD- Animism
Animism is the belief that water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits. This belief was developed by the early West Africans before 500 BC. Although the popularity of this belief has decreased, many tribal West Africans still believe in animism today. -
14- MD- Paper Money
The Song Dynasty was the first to develop paper money which improved trade greatly. Paper money is still the source of currency today. Without the invention of paper money, it would be hard for people to exchange goods. -
16- MD- Basketball
The Mayans developed a game where they would play with a hard rubber ball and get it into the hoop. This is similar to modern day basketball and without the Mayan’s development of the game, we wouldn’t have the game basketball and many other sports with included rubber balls. -
17-MD- Religious Art
The arts we see in the churches and the glass walls are very similar to the arts that were developed during the Medieveal times. The medieval arts were based on Christianity and were religious. We can still see elements of this type of art in religious buildings today like churches, cathedrals, large buildings, and sometimes in the windows of our homes. -
18- MD- Parliament
After the Magna Carta The people of England wanted to find ways to limit the king’s power. They developed a parliament, the law making body that still governs England and other countries today. Malaysia also had a parliament that is still active today. -
19- MD- Movable Type and Printing Press
Johann Gutenberg developed and printing press and he also printed the Bible in Latin and many other languages. Without the development of the printing press, we wouldn’t be able to have so many bibles and identical copies of literature. This meant that scribes were not less needed and more copies of books could be made much faster. -
21- MD- Reason not Religion
The Age of Reason was from the 1600s to 1700s and the New scholars believed in reason and not religion. This is similar to the society today because we believe what is reasonable and not just by religion. If our societies were based on religion we would have totally different socieaties for every religion. -
4.2- Egypt- The Old Kingdom
During the Old Kingdom, Egypt created Social structure and had a strong belief in religion. The most famous pharaoh in the Old Kingdom was Khufu because he built some of the best known monuments. By 2200 BC, pharaohs were at the top of the Egyptian society. Then was the nobles and scribes and craftspeople. At the bottom of the society were the farmers and slaves which made of about 80% of the population. The Egyptians also had a strong emphasis about the afterlife and burial practices.