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1300 BCE
Anasazi
The Anasazi culture, also known as ancestral Pueblo culture, was a prehistoric Native American civilization that took place around modern-day Arizona,New Mexico,Colorado,and Utah.They settled by rivervalleys where they lived in small pueblos.They are recognized for their pottery,jewelry,woven textiles,and baskets.Their religion was mostly centered primarily around harmonious connections with nature,which they believed provided them with a sufficient amount of crops,good health,and good weather. -
Period: 1300 BCE to
Beginnings to Exploration
Different Europeans nations begin exploring new lands to them in the west.The get there by traveling by sea which was possible because of their new technological advancements.One of their major motives to exploration are to get more wealthy by finding gold. Another of their purposes was to find new trading routes and generally just more knowledge about the land their were about to take (or discover) such as knowledge about the animals that were there in a given territory and also types of plants -
1200 BCE
The Olmecs
The Olmecs were the first elaborate pre-Columbian civilization of Mesoamerica. They were later evinced by other American Indian cultures such as that of the Maya and the Aztecs. The Olmecs are very much recognized for their archaeological sites of large pyramids, platforms, and monumental stone carvings. Bloodletting was practiced by these people, which led to the future of human sacrifice in the later Maya peoples. The advanced Olmec civilization was led to its decline by 350 B.C.. -
1200 BCE
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerican civilization were a variety of indigenous cultures that live in the Mexican and CentralAmerican area. The first great Mesoamerican civilization is know as theOlmecs. Other well known civilizations that took place in Mesoamerica are the Maya, the Zapotec, the Totonac, and the Teotihuacan, which all shared Olmec heritage.Then followed the Toltecs,Tula, and Aztec civilizations. Eventually, the last native Mesoamericancivilization was defeated and fell by theSpaniardsled byHernanCortez. -
750
Dark Ages
Northern Europe went through a famine which resulted a huge decline of population and not only that but lead to an increased rate of crime and cannibalism. Soon after then Hundred Years' War took place (between England and France). Short after the Black Plague broke out and was a huge threat to the Europeans which weakened the feudal system within the CatholicChurch. The Church was then divided which eventually led to the fall of authority that was given to all Church officials by the followers. -
1450
Aztecs
TheAztecs ruled a large empire in what now is southern and central Mexico from 15th to 16th century. They spoke the language of Nahuatl and referred to themselves asCulhua-Mexica and aka the Tenochca. They had the largest population compared to the other civilizations ofMesoamerica with a population of twenty million. The were centered around the capitalTenochtitlan. The were a very materialistic population and were know commonly for practicing the act of human sacrifice on a very massive scale. -
1450
The Columbian Exchange
Duringthe era of explorations,competing European nations became interested in food and animals from new western lands.Columbus's discovery of the new land led to the Columbian Exchange took place.TheColumbianExchange spread not only a variety of plants and animals,but also transported and spread animals and disease by the the Old World and the NewWorld. The spread of diseases was possibly because the NativeAmericans were never exposed to, therefore not immune to the diseases of the Easternworld. -
1480
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian navigator and merchant who took part in voyages to the New World.He played a huge role in geographic discoveries of the New World forEuropean nations. In contrast to popular belief that the new discovered land was part of Asia, AmerigoVespucci believed that that land that was discovers was in fact, not part of Asia at all.Because of this some humanist named MartinWaldseemüller proposed that the discovered land be named after AmerigoVespucci, this would be America. -
The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a schism in western Christianity culture.The movement was mostly started by Martin Luther. The Catholic church was corrupt, it was handing out indulgences, which were basically "tickets to heaven", in exchange for money. Martin Luther was upset over these indulgences and in result challenged the Church, which had has cultural control for several centuries with his "95 Theses". The guy basically starts the Protestant Reformation and theLutheran Church is now formed. -
Virginia
The first of the successful Chesapeake Colonies was that of the Virginia, also know as the Jamestown colony.The Virginia colony started of as a private charter from the English Crown in the year 1606 (Virginia Company of London).Starting with 105 settlers mostly because there was exaggerated ideas about gold and wealth.Only 32 of the settlers survived the first winter because they isolated themselves from the Natives, which resulted in them not asking help. They died from starvation and disease. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
The new colonies that were discovered such as theChesapeake colonies,the New England colonies, the Caribbean colonies, Propriety colonies, and CharterColonies. With all this though, came societal differences between the colonies, depending one which region in which they took place. Other issues also took place, such as conflicts between the NativeAmericans and the colonists, rebellion of indentured servants, the spread of slavery and issues over the control of NewEngland over the new colonies. -
Tobacco
Tobacco soon became the main cash crop of the newChesapeakeColonies.There was widespread forming of plantations all next to the rivers.The labor to cultivate the tobacco was very intensive, therefore the people who owned the plantations then contracted many indentured servants-their contract was to last 4-7years and the employers had to feed and clothe them- who payed their way to theNewWorld.Anyway, tobacco was largely exported in fact, over one million pounds of tobacco were exported toEngland -
Slavery
Slavery in America started in 1619, when a Dutch ship brought in twenty African slaves ashore in the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia.People started bringing in slaves to the colonies to do labor. Not only were plants and spices exported by sea to and from the colonies, but even people were imported to the colonies.The slaves were taken on voyage in the boats with very poor conditions.The picture illustrates just how inhumanly the slaves were treated and organized, like a shipment of items. -
English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights was signed by the royal people William and Mary. The BillofRights excluded Catholics from the monarchy and protected and emphasized the peoples' basic human rights. These rights included the no excessive bail right and the no cruel or unusual punishment right and also allowed arms suitable for defense and regulated by theParliament.TheBill of rights has a huge impact on colonial government and future problems as well.Colonists will now be self-ruled by representatives. -
Salem Witch Trails
The Salem Witch Trails began with girls claiming to be possessed by the devil and then accusing women of witchcraft. The Minister's daughter started acting strangely, accused many women in the town of witchcraft. Many of the women, men, and children who were victims of witchcraft were hanged. The first woman who was convicted of witchcraft was named Bridget Bishop. But after a year, the hysteria began to lose its steam, the governor put an end to the trials, after his own wife was being accused. -
Caribbean Colonies
Europeans loved sugar, everyone wanted sugar at the time, it was very popular.The Caribbean Colonies included those called the Barbados, Jamaica, and other English-held islands.Sugar was very prominent at the time as it brought a lot of wealth to the people who managed the plantations.This made European nations compete over these islands.Spain,France,andEngland all had stakes on the regions, and wanted possession of the islands.There was mostly slaves living on the islands, working plantations. -
Colonial Issues
Colonial problems began to rise in the end of the seventeenth century.The was war with theNative Americans.There was also rebellions taking place, such as theIndentured Servant Rebellion in Virginia that was led byNathaniel Bacon who brought attention to the issues with the government of Virginia but the guy died due to a fever, and the rebellion was a failed event. But the end result were that the people who originally were dependent on servants became less dependent on them and more on slaves. -
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was an extremely influential English mathematician and physicist. He was a very important figure to the Scientific Revolution which had taken place during the seventeenth century. He came up with the three laws of motion which set the foundation for modern-day physics and not only that but resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation. The reason why he is put into my timeline is because he is a very influential scientific figure for the scientific revolution. -
Act of Union
The Act of Union of 1707 was the act which united England and Scotland and is the reason why we call this the United Kingdom of Great Britain.Later they would add Ireland too, but then the south of if would gain its independence. Anyways this formed an empire, which had parliament as the head of the empire. The colonies would still have local control. And there would be a federal system with central authority and local governments which paved a way for modern United States' system of government. -
Period: to
Colonial American to 1763
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Triangular Trade
The triangular trade system was a trans-Atlantic trade route that went to the Americas, Europe, and Africa. It was used for importing and exporting raw material and slaves. This trade system was important for the colonies economy wise because of exports .The picture of the triangular trade provides a description as to what is going on and what material were transported where such as sugar from the New world to Europe, rum from the New World to Africa, slaves from Africa to the New World...etc. -
The Great Awakening
The very influentialGreatAwakening was the religious revival and movement that took place mainly in theAmerican colonies, which led to an enormous effect on American religion. GeorgeWhitefield was a preacher for religious purposes, his main goal was to teach individual about individuals being born again to become the followers of Christ.TheGreat Awakening led to both social and political changes.Another important name was John Edwards who basically tried to scare people into becoming religious. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was a political leader who very quickly became one of the FoundingFathers of theUnited States.He had many talents which ultimately made people to see him as a symbol of the growth of America and American Enlightenment. Franklin helped create and go through with the TreatyofParis, was one of the first librarians, he invented the lightening rodANDbifocals, was a popular political figure, and he served in thePhiladelphia Convention. His role played a huge role in American history. -
French and Indian War / 7 Years War
The French andIndianWar was a war that lasted through years 1756 and 1763.Thenations involved wereEngland andFrance,Spanish and basically all they were doing is fighting for territory. The British colonies desired more more lands that were western lands. France desired more of the southern lands. Fort Duquence was ordered by the governor of Virginia to be siezed but get captured which causes the war to starts.Basically this creates the first world-wide conflict and thatwhat makes it significant. -
Patriots vs. Loyalists
The patriots and the loyalists were very different people who were in disagreement about the relationship and interactions between the thirteen colonies andGreat Britain.The loyalists were characterized as older, richer, and more conservative peoples who were the King's officers and other beneficiaries of the crown who made up 20% of the population.While the patriots were characterized as younger, lower class people who persecuted against loyalist prevalent after the Declaration of Independence. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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The Revenue Act
The Revenue Act, or what is more commonly know as, The Sugar Act was basically just what it sounds like. It was an act passed by the parliament 1764 that put a tax on molasses and its sole purpose was to create revenue from the new colonies. People did not like this, primarily because they were getting taxed without their knowledge of it before hand, basically it was taxation without representation and the people of the colonies were not very pleased. Other things were started such as petitions. -
The Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was a tax passed by the Parliament of Great Britain that was imposed directly at the Thirteen Colonies. It was similar to one of the taxes the Britons had. It was harsher than the other earlier imposed taxes. It was required on all paper, and this very much affected lawyers and printers which was very unfair and made them mad. This led to the Stamp Act Congress in which they repealed the Stamp Act, but made it very clear that they could tax the colonists later if they wanted to. -
Boston Massacre
TheBoston Massacre took place onMarch 5,1770 and was basically a confrontation in which a crowd ofBostonian's chose to harassBritish soldiers this resulted in the British soldiers to fire into the crowd. AndPaul Revere made a fictitious account of the event which was really the first example of American propaganda and this really triggered the colonies. So in the same year the Parliament repeals TownshendActs but relations still remained strained. This emphasized taxation without representation. -
The Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was not a party at all. Instead it was a mercantile and political protest, and also a rebellious event that took place in 1773 in which the Sons of Liberty, group who were led by Samuel Adams, dressed up as Indians and dunked 340 chest of tea over the Boston harbor and into the ocean. These guys were also drunk when they decided to do this. They destroyed a whole shipment of tea that was sent by the East India Company. It included as a very iconic episode in American history -
Battles of the Revolutionary War
The Revolutionary war started of with the battle of Concord which is when the famous Paul Revere's Midnight Ride took places. And following that was the battle of Lexington which was the "shot heard round' the world". Other famous battles from the revolutionary period also include that of the Battle of Bunker Hill which that British won , the Battle of New York City, the battle of Princeton, the Battle of Saratoga, and the Battle of Yorktown.These battle rose the popularity of Guerilla Warfare. -
Common Sense
In 1776, Thomas Paine publishes a pamphlet in which he sets forth his arguments in favor of the American Independence. Common Sense is considered on of the most influential pamphlets in American History.In the CommonSense pamphlet Thomas Paine decided to use his influential position and voice to argue for independence from Britain and a democratic representative government. He also dissed and attacked the monarchy and because he was popularchanged colonial views of the monarchy to negative ones. -
The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. In the more important and known parts it basically stated that all men are created equal, and that independence is not an option but a chance, and more famously wrote "Life, liberty, & the pursuit of happiness.". The Declaration of Independence was completed on July 2 and signed by a representative of each of the thirteen colonies on July 4 1776.It declared that the United States was to be independent and going against the British. -
Articles of Confederation
On November 15th, 1777 the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation. But the ratification of the articles did not happen in all the 13 states until March 1, 1781. It was a loose friendship of the independent states. there was no authority and it was hastily put together and had no executive power. This meant money, laws, power, and jurisdiction differed in all 13 states.Their differences made it impossible to have a successful government bringing forth no revenue or diplomacy. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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The Treaty of Paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3 1783 and its purpose was to fully end the Revolutionary War.This would result in Great Britain and other important nation to recognizing the United States as an independent and sovereign nation.It would grant them fishing rights, and establish the northern border with British North America and Canada. It also called the return of loyalist properties and access of Mississippi R to both Nations.This event is important because the US gains independence. -
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion was led by Daniel Shay was the result of a post-war recession where the farmers were the people who were largely impacted from the recession.The farmers lost their farm over something that they had no control over.Due to the recession the crops decrease in price.Daniel Shay led citizens to rebel for the war veterans and the movement began to spread but then the rebellion was put down.The rebellion is important in my timeline because it show citizens being influential for change. -
The Three Branches of Government
Our federal government now has three branches of government. They are the the executive, legislative, and judicial. There is three branches in order to maintain a balance of power. The executive branch consists of the president and some other workers such as the vice president and cabinet. They are responsible to carry out laws. Next, the legislative branch consists of the House of Representatives and the senate, they are responsible for making laws. The judicial branch, is to evaluate the laws. -
The Constitutional Convention
In 1787, the founding fathers came together in Philadelphia to discuss better improvements on the Articlesof Confederation.They came up with 2 plans to reform: the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.The Virginia Plan consisted of two House Legislatures the lower and upper house and the representation was based on population, which would benefit larger states.The New Jersey Plan benefited smaller sates and modified theAOC by giving less power to the judiciary and a having a single legislature. -
Two Plans to Reform (VP and NJP)
When the Constitutional Convention took place, the founding father came up with two plans to reform.The Virginia Plan proposed two house legislatures, the upper house and the lower house and representation based on population.Later(June15)they came up with the New Jersey Plan which proposed to modify the existing AOC, a single legislature and to make it the supreme law of the land, a less powerful judiciary, and finally and executive elected by congress which would be favored by smaller states. -
The Northwest Ordinance
TheNorthwestOrdinance was adopted by the Confederation Congress onJuly 13,1787.What it was was basically a newly founded system for admission on new states into the Union. It also guaranteed that the newly admitted states would be equal to the 13 original states. Not only that but it protected people's civil liberties and rejected slavery in the new states.To qualify to be a state the required population was 60,000.Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Minnesota were all part of N.O. -
The Connecticut Plan
The Connecticut Plan, more famously known as the Great Compromise was proposed by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth.The reason it is known as the Great Compromise is because at the time there was a heated debate over which of the two plans to reform was better either the Virginia Plan (which benefited the larger states) or the New Jersey Plan (which benefited the smaller states).The Connecticut Plan propose a modern-day congress, bi-cameral legislature, a house of representatives, and a senate. -
Two Competing Forms of Government
At the time there was two main competing forms of government, and they were based upon the different interpretations of the Constitution The first party was called the Federalist Party. They has a very lose interpretation of the Constitution and believed that it would change over time. The Federalists were represented by Alexander Hamilton. The second party was called the Democrat-Republicans who believed in a stricter interpretation of the Constitution, which represented by Thomas Jefferson. -
Period: to
New Republic
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Whiskey Rebellion
TheWhiskey Rebellion was a tax protest made in the beginning of 1791and ended in 1794 during George Washington's presidency. It all started whenAlexander Hamilton places a 25% tax on whiskey which mainly triggered thePennsylvania and Kentucky farmers and caused them to revolt becauseWhiskey was economically important and made large profit, but the act of the government putting a tax on it would make people buy it less.Importance of this rebellion was the first challenge to the Federal authority. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin isa machine that more quickly and easily and efficiently separates the cotton fibers from their seeds.This enables much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.After this the fibers are then processed into cotton goods such as linens, textiles, and clothing.The amount of work that the cotton gin did led to mass production, but of course this lead to the rising demand for slave labor.Because the cotton did the separating, there was need for more people doing the picking. -
Washington's Farewell Address
After having served two terms as the president of the United States,George Washington decided that he would not seek a third term of presidency.President Washington wrote his Farewell Address at the end of his second term.The people of America were scared that he would not run a 3rd term, they feared that America would fall apart without them.He addressed the concerns of the citizens but more importantly he advised that theUS avoid international conflicts and to not form any permanent alliances. -
Election of 1796
This election is iconic because there is basically a fresh set of candidates since George Washington gave his Farewell Address and had decided that we would not seek for a third term of being presidents.The new candidates of the Election of 1796 were John Adams (which was a Republican) and the other was Thomas Jefferson (which was a Federalist).In the end John Adams wins the presidency, but at this time there was not running mates for theVP position so theVP position was give toThomas Jefferson. -
XYZ Affair
The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic event that took place between in 1797 and 1798 that was a result to the problems that came with Jay's Treaty. It happened during the beginning of John Adams administration. The XYZ affair was basically a confrontation between the United States and France which had led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War. The name "XYZ Affair" comes from the names of the French diplomats that were involved in this event Hottinguer, Bellamy, and Hauteval. -
The Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening took place during the cultural changes time span, begging at around the year 1800, but not picking up or becoming much popular until about around the year 1820. The Second Great Awakening membership stated to grow rapidly around the year 1820. Baptist and Methodist congregations preachers led the movement. The Awakening was emphasizing religious romanticism, they were emotional, reject secularism and deism. They were also anticipating the second coming of Jesus Christ. -
Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a carefully planned out route and passage that contained many people ("conductors") that were both black and white.These people helped the runaway slaves of the South find their way to the North. Safely and freely. It was the effort of abolitionists and slaves to undermine the Confederacy. The hiding places,or safehouses were referred to as the "stations", and "depots".While the people running these places were referred to as the "stationmasters".The name was a cover -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
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Election of 1800
The Election of 1800 happened at a time that was the end of the naval war, they United States had Napoleon's support against the British, and there was divisions among the Federalist party.The two major candidates were Adams and Jefferson.The results were that none of the candidates received the majority vote.So then Jefferson's win was then determined the House of Representatives, whose majority voted for him. The election was significant because it let to the creation of the twelfth amendment. -
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson decided on the Louisiana Purchase because of his idea of "a nation of farmers". At the time Spain had ceded Louisiana back to France and Napoleon had threatened to close New Orleans. So, some diplomats were sent to France to try to negotiate a purchase. At the time Jefferson was getting hate though, because purchasing land from a foreign country was unconstitutional and that made him seem like a hypocrite. Anyway, the purchase doubled that size of the nation at less than $0.03 an acre. -
Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to go on an expedition to explore the newly acquired land from the Louisiana Purchase. Lewis was Jefferson's secretary and lead the expedition. While Clark was an army officer and had map making experience. Basically what they did was sail up to the Missouri River, try to negotiate treaties with the Native Americans, and informed traders and settlers of the U.S. acquisition.They couldn't have been successful w/o Sacajawea's translations and guiding. -
12th Amendment
The 12th amendment is an amendment that was added to the U.S. Constitution and ratified in 1804.What it does is provide for the election of the president and vice president to be by the electoral college. If there is a problem or something and it turn out that there is no majority vote for one person or candidate,then the House of Representatives, which count as one vote per states is give the responsibility to choose the president of the United States along with the Senate and vice president. -
The Middle Passage
TheMiddlePassage was the part of the long voyage in whichAfrican people,who were to be sold as slaves,were densely packed into ships which contained very poor conditions.Thevoyage was fromAfricato theWestIndies and it took about three to four months to get there.Apart from enslaving innocent people,there was another problem, the death rate on these ships were super high. In fact, 23of100 ofthese passenger did not live to be sold into slavery.This event shows just how unfairly slaves weretreated. -
Embargo Act of 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law that was passed by the United State Congress. It was signed by the President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807.This was passed at a time that Britain and France were at war and America wanted to seem like they were neutral this act was passed in attempt to look as if they did not choose a side. What it did was prohibit American ships from trading in all foreign ports.It deprived theBritish and the French of American goods.This only created more drama at sea. -
Edgar Allen Poe
Edgar Allan Poe was a writer, editor, and literary critic. He was best known for his poetry and short stories. He is widely regarded as a important figure to Romanticism in the U.S. and literature in the U.S.. He is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is even credited with contributing to science fiction. He was the first American writer to try and make an actual career as a writer, this resulted in him just struggling financially all his life. He died at the age of forty. -
War of 1812
British restrictions on trade with the United States and America's desire to expand their territory. Many did not want war with Britain but America still decided to declare war on Britain in 1813 and that was when the actual fighting took place. The British navys was still the most powerful at the time. In 1813 America takes land-based strategy and then British beat America and took back Canada and blockaded the American ports. Then in 1814, the Brits took Washington D.C. and burned White House. -
Hartford Convention
After the War of 1812 the Hartford Convention was held. It was primarily led and attended by the people who were in the Federalist party to discuss grievances and concerns. The topics of the convention consisted of Federalists threatening to break off of the Union. Their reasons were that they wanted to strengthen New England's political position. Another of their reasons was that the wanted to repeat the three-fifths compromise. The end result though, was that the Federalists, as a party ended. -
Era of Good Feelings
Following the War of 1812 came the Era of Good Feelings. During this time, the only party that was present was the party of the Republicans.The was not bitter personal politics. What also took place is that President James Monroe appointed people with different views to work with him. President James Monroe also had the White House.He painted white to hide the burn marks from the incident away and that is why it is now called the White House and it was formally know as the President's Mansion. -
Changes in Agriculture
During the American Industrial Revolution, also known as the Market Revolution, American society underwent some revolutionary changes. The industry up north which produced finished goods was moving in an exponentially fast pace.This meant that the people down south cultivating the raw goods had to speed their process up too. To catch up, the agriculture industry invented new technologies such as the iron plow, crank churns, and the cotton gin, which helped keep up with the industrializing north. -
Free Black Communities
There was Free Black Communities existing during the Industrial Revolution Era located mostly in the North and the Midwest. These communities, regardless, still had to face not only prejudice but discrimination in the form of segregation. They competed for jobs with immigrants, which caused even more hostilities and prejudices. There was conflicts with immigrant that caused severe racial tension. The competition for jobs against these immigrant people ultimately led to the creation white mobs . -
Planters in the South
In southern society culture there was three main types of "classes" sort of like communities.The was the planters, the yeoman farmers, and the tenant farmers.The planters were sort of the "high class" in southern society.The other groups goal would kind of be to achieve the same status as these planters.Most of the planters did not own any slaves, but of those who did own slaves, they owned about one to nine of them.They were the ruling class of the south in which the yeoman farmers depended on. -
Yeoman Farmers
The south was basically divided in to different communities or more so "classes" that sort of defined the whites' status one of the was the yeoman.The yeoman farmers were somewhat what you would call the "middle class" of the south.Theirjobs were based on communal effort andseventy-five percent of them did not ownany slaves,they heavily relied on the planters,those who did not resented the planters.The farmed south militias in which they cached runaway slaves and helped prevent slaverebellions. -
Lower South Slave Life
The demand for cotton was growing constantly, and this meant that the demand for slaves to labor and pick the cotton grew even more. Especially in the lower source, which was the main source of cotton to the who industrializing country.The land was full of dark and rich soil which made it ideal for growing cotton.Most of the slave were field workers that worked from sunrise all the way to sunset, slaves worked in large groups on plantations and the masters had way more control than in the North. -
Upper South Slave Life
Now, in the upper south, cotton was not as popular as in the lower south. See, the soil in the upper south was not are rich and fertile as in the lower south therefore, not suited for growing/planting cotton. In addition, the upper south had a very short growing season, this resulted in them planting more diversified crops, as a ways of adjusting to what they had. Basically there was not much need for slaves in the upper south, eventually the would sell their slave to masters in the lower south. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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The Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1819 left a mark on the United States as one of the worst recessions in United States history. It was due to an economic boom after the war of 1812. The war of 1812 devastated the United States economically due to war and trade complications, the result of the war was prices collapsing in the year 1819. The second Bank of the United States was founded as an attempts to expand the economy. So, people decided to invest money into the bank and then, the bank eventually lost its value. -
Prisons
Clearly people during the 1800's were still sort of experimenting with how to treat and deal with criminals and criminal behaviors. People thought that criminals should think about their actions in prison so they got out the would behave better so prisoners would be housed individually in penitentiaries, allowing them to do this.But there was a really big problem, people were not aware so much about mentally ill prisoners, so they would place them with the general populations, which was no good. -
The Issue of Slavery
On the issue of slavery, there was basically two teams in America. The ones who wanted to get rid of it completely and the ones who wanted to keep slavery. Abolitionists were the ones who wanted to eliminate slavery. Within this group there was Gradualism, proposed that slaves be released gradually to Africa. The other group of Abolitionists was the Immediatism,which proposed that slavery be ended immediately. Then the was the Anti-Abolitionists who just went against all Abolitionist principles. -
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Cultural Changes
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Missouri Compromise
From the Missouri Crisis, in which Missouri applies for admission as a state of the Union and causes disagreement between the North (who wanted it as a free state)and the South (who wanted it as a slave state), sprung the Missouri Compromise.The Missouri Compromise provided a balance between the slave and the free states.The 36"30" line was created and any territory above would be free states and anything below the line would be slave states.But it was only a temporary solution to be dealt later -
Clara Barton
Clara Barton was an amazing nurse who happened to have founded the American Red Cross in the year 1881. She was a hospital nurse during the period of the American Civil War, had been a teacher, and patent clerk. She honored most women in American history. This was because before the war men played the roles of having jobs like nursing, but since they were out, women decide to take over. Clara Barton would risk her life to bring supplies and support to soldiers in the fields during the Civil War. -
Texas
During the times pan of the Westward Expansion, Texas, or Tejas, was in control of Mexico because it was their's ever since Mexico gained their independence from the Spanish in 1821.Anyways, Texas decided to invite the Anglos, better know as the whites of America, to Texas by offering them land grants. But just like every other deal, there was certain conditions.The conditions for settlement were that the had to become Catholic, earn their Mexican citizenship, learn Spanish, and bring NO slaves. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Election of 1824
The Election of 1824 had no picked successor. This then brought forth four new candidates. The names of the candidates were John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, and Henry Clay. This election is so significant, I chose to include it in my timeline is because Andrew Jackson won the popular vote. Unfortunately, this did not guarantee him the presidency, because he did not get the electoral college vote, John Adams won. Jackson was angry and bitter, he called it the Corrupt Bargain. -
Presidency of John Q. Adams
John Quincy Adams was elected the president of the United States at the end of the Election of 1824 when he ran against Andrew Jackson and won by the electoral college vote. When John Quincy Adams was president he had an idea of the American System which was primarily about industry and tariffs. He was also a Federalist like his father and so wanted to make a new National Bank. He also had the idea of a national university. He was an observatory guy and preferred merit very much over politics. -
Election of 1828
During the Election of 1828, Jackson decided to take a different approach and develop a new strategy.He expressed humble origins, along with his military career, and also promoted democratic values.This election was sort of a re-match between him and Adams except it was way more intense this time.The started to personally attack each other and called each other messed up names, for example, womanizers.But it got to far at one point whenever Jackson's wife,Rachel was attacked, Adams went too far. -
Jackson and the Native Americans
During his presidency, Andrew Jackson hated the Native Americans. He wanted to tribes, including Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminoles, Creeks, and Chickasaws, all to assimilate to the Americans ways.One way in which he attempted to achieve this was by converting different tribes of Native Americans to Christianity.He also wanted to take their land to be able to exploit its riches.This resulted in the Trail of Tears, in which Cherokees were forced to leave their homelands to live in the Indian Territory. -
Spoils System
During his presidency, Andrew Jackson replaced the typical bureaucracy with his own supporters, this was called the Spoils System, also know as the Patronage System . It was not very professional of him to do such thing. He basically rewarded the people who supported his campaign by giving them a spot to work with him in government civil services jobs while he was president. This would go on till the Padleton Act was passed in 1883. Then, the Spoils System would be replaced by nonpartisan merit. -
Temperance Movement
During this time, the market revolution and economy was pretty bad, This caused many men to look to alcohol to cope with their bad feelings, they began to drink their problems off and so the alcohol consumption was really bad. It was getting so bad that they were drinking like everyday.So to calm it down or stop it completely, people started the
Temperance movement. It was meant to try to abstain from alcohol and overall just trying to reduce the current alcohol consumption, states ban alcohol -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
The Indian Removal Act was signed by president Andrew Jackson on the day of May 28, 1830.The Act's purpose was to allow for the president to offer lands west of the Mississippi River to the Native Americans in exchange for their Indian lands that were located within existing state borders.Some of the Native American tribes decided to simply go along with the deal peacefully, but some other tribes did decide to resist.Cherokees were forcibly moved west, which became known as the "Trail of Tears." -
Election of 1832
The Election of 1832 consisted of three main competing parties. The Democratic party, which was represented by Jackson. The National Republicans, which was represented by Henry Clay. And finally, the Anti-Masonic Party, which was represented by William Wirt. These are the people who first started the nominations conventions and party platform-panels.The United States National Bank War was thought of as a major issue to win the election.(Clay) But in the end Jackson won because he was so popular. -
American Anti-Slavery Society
The American Anti-Slavery Society, also know as the AASS, was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan and lasted through the years 1883 to 1870. An escaped slave named Fredrick Douglass was one of the major leaders of this society and was often found speaking at the meetings. Like Fredrick Douglass, William Wells Brown was also a freed slave who often spoke at meetings. By the year of 1838, the society had achieved very much, with 1,350 and 250,000 members. -
Battle of Gonzales
On October 2, 1835 the Battle of Gonzales took place.It was the very first military engagement of the Texas Revolution.It was called the Battle of Gonzales because it was fought near Gonzales, Texas.The battle was between the rebellious settles of Texas and only a part of the Mexican army soldiers.The battle was a Texian Victory because Mexico withdrew.At th beginning it was a Texian rebellion against the Mexican government, the famouse "come and take it flag" was known from this specific battle -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand all across North America.The fur trade in the Western frontier was dominating in the 1820's with huge profits, but the trappers disappeared all together by the 1840's. But expeditions brought forth information about the previously questionable western lands, no people want to move. As for Jackson's people (the common man) they believed that NativesA would go extinct either way so why not settle there? -
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Westward Expansion
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Election of 1840
The Election of 1840 started on the day of October the 30th. What took place in this election is that Martin Van Buren runs for re-election. But his rival candidate was General William Henry Harrison, who had represented the Whig party.Soon, the Whigs started to spread rumors about Martin Van Buren,the Whigs get the women to influence their husbands to participate and vote in this election. General William Henry Harrison wins on a landslide and makes it a month.The Vice President was John Tyler. -
Election of 1844
The official starting date of the Election of 1844 was November 1st.The two candidates of choice for the were the Democratic candidate James K. Polk and the Whig party candidate Henry Clay. James K.Polk defeated Henry Clay and became president.He was commonly known as the Young Hickory and decided to run for only of presidential term.He probably won due to the goals that he established which were one to annex Texas, second, to settle the Oregon borders, and finally to settle the Mexican border. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso's motive was to try and fix the disputes of the newly acquired land from the Mexico form the Mexican-American War. There was a lot a disagreement between the people of authority whether of not the newly acquired territory should be used as land for slaves states of free states. The Proviso, was a proposal to Congress to prohibit slavery in the new land from Mexico. It started a political firestorm, and it reheated Congress. The result would be decided by Popular Sovereignty. -
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Sectionalism
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago is famously know to have ended the Mexican-American war after two long years of fighting. Though it resolved this issue, there would still be problems brought up later in the year to come having to dol with the treaty. Furthermore, the contents of the treaty were the result of the Mexican-American War. First of all, it had settled the long going border dispute of the. Secondly, it seized over half of Mexico's territories which later brought problems over slavery. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was held on July 19, 1848 in New York. It was the firsts women's rights convention, and it lasted a span of two days. It described itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". There was 300 men and women in attendance and they came up with the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions which would secure rights in the economy and voting. It was a success, but unfortunately men ruled the media so they got bad press. -
Election of 1848
The Election of 1848 consisted of three competing parties. The Democrats (represented by Lewis Crass), the Whigs (represented by Zachary Taylor), and the Free-Soil Party (represented by Martin Van Buren). Buren supported the Wilmot Proviso but to keep slavery wherever it had already existed. They also southern influence in Democratic Party. It was an easy win for Zachary Taylor because he was a "no party man" and his views were mostly unknown, he was a different person everywhere he campaigned. -
Fugitive Slave Act
On September 18, 1850, the United States Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act (or Law) as a part of the Compromise of 1850. The compromise was between the pro-slavery states in the South and the Free-soilers (who did agree with new slaves states in the acquired western lads) form the North.The Act was enforced by the government to seize and capture runaway slaves. This was not good because sometimes they would capture freedmen. The whites could get a penalty for not capturing the runaway slave -
Bleeding Kansas
When the time came to decide whether Kansas would become a free or slave state, there was a lot of drama. The south really wanted an addition to the slaves states, so that they can have even more say about important things. They basically rigged the whole decision making process. They south financed settlements and the people with pro-slavery interests recruited illegal votes. People debate and now there is two separate government ruling Kansas people kill each other over the issues of slavery. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
When the nation was presented with the proposal for two new states, Kansas and Nebraska. The people in the south were feeling threatened by the addition of the states, they were afraid that Kansas and Nebraska were going to be added as two new, free states. The Southerners wanted to abolish the Missouri Compromise because of the 36" 30" line. The line was repealed and the status of the states was chosen by popular sovereignty.The act passed and Kansas became a slave state while Nebraska was free -
John Brow's Raid
John Brown's Raid was an event that occurred in Harper's Ferry on October 16, 1859. The famous abolitionist John Brown lead a small group on a raid against a federal armory at Harper's Ferry. The reason he did this being because God made him an abolitionist he believed God had called on him to destroy slavery. They attempted to start and successfully an armed slave revolt and destroy the institution slavery. But Robert E. Lee quickly defeated Brown, his and his raiders were then tied and hanged. -
Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise was an unsuccessful proposal to the United States Congress. It was introduced by John J. Crittenden. What it was, was a series of constitutional amendments proposed in congress in 1860 to serve as a compromise between pro-slavery and antislavery parties. It stated that slavery would be permitted in the South but not north of latitude 36"30", imaginary line. It was also an attempt to prevent the secession of southern states and also avoid a Civil War from taking place. -
Trent Affair
The Trent Affair was a diplomatic episode which occurred during the American Civil War. It threatened a war between the United States and the United Kingdom.Diplomats were sent to Europe by the Confederacy.Then the USS San Jacinto intercepts the RMS Trent, or England.This leads the British people, who were to stay neutral during the was, to ask for an apology. In the end though, President Abraham Lincoln releases confederate diplomats, and more importantly, secured British and French neutrality. -
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Civil War
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Twenty Negro Law
The Twenty Negro law, which is also known widely as the "Twenty Slave Law" was created and enforced on the year 1862. It was a piece of legislation that was enacted by the Confederate Congress during the times of the American Civil War conflict. What is basically stated was that anyone who had owned twenty slaves or more would not have to join in in the war. Of course, the Twenty Negro Law made the white southerners upset because they were forced to enlist in the war just they owned no slaves. -
Conscription Act
The Conscription was a legislation that was passed by the United States Congress during the same time period of the American Civil War. What it was basically, was a reason for that was to provide manpower for the Union Army. Basically to increase winning chance.The act called for registration of all males between ages of twenty and/through forty-five, this was including all immigrants that were trying, or even trying to go thorugh the process of becoming citizens of the United States of America. -
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America were located in the southern part of the nation were referred to as the Confederacy (or just the South).The Confederacy contained a very unorganized government that existed in the southern United States during the American Civil war.Their government was much like the United states government and they applied (or you could say they followed) constitution when enforcing whatever laws they had. However, it emphasized states rights and clearly protected pro-slavery. -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was presidential proclamation that was issued by President Abraham Lincoln. What it did was, it granted freedom to slaves in Confederate States if the states didn't return by the 1st of January in 1863.(it made exactly 3.5 million African-Americans that were enslaved in the South have a free-status) Under this proclamation, freedom would only come to the slaves if the Union won the war. It did not actually end up banishing slavery all together, but was a good start -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment was passed in the United States on the day April 8, 1864 by the Senate and on January the 31st of the year 1865, it was finally passed by the house of representatives. Its sole purpose was that it was made to abolish slavery in all of the United States, not just north.This amendment was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments, with the other two being the 14th Amendment,and the 15thAmendment.The amendment was adopted in the five years following theAmerican Civil War. -
Appomattox Courthouse
The Appomattox Court House was the place in which the two armies ended the whole American civil war officially.Over a number of 65,000 Americans died in this episode.One of the major determining factors was that through out it there was blockade at Pittsburgh and Richmond, this resulting in the starvation of the general Robert E. Lee's army, and they were forced to retreat.Here was where Lee to surrender to Ulysses S. Grant. Which then ended with all confederate forces surrendering by late June. -
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Reconstruction
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Lincoln's Assasination
Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865, by an actor that went by the named of John Wilkes Booth. The president, Abraham Lincoln had attended a play at the Ford's Theater. The play at the Ford's Theater would be the place where the actor guy who assassinated president Abraham Lincoln, the actor named John Wilkes Booth, would sneak up behind him and shoot President Abraham Lincoln. It was not really such a quick death, it took a good while, in fact, Lincoln ended up dying the next day. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment was created by three men who went by the names of John Bingham, Jacob M. Howard, and Lyman Trumbull. The amendment was passed in the United States on the day of July 8, 1868.The 14th Amendment was on in which the amendment addressed citizenship rights and very importantly, the equal protection of the laws.It states that anyone who is born in the United states is automatically a citizen there. It was proposed in response to the issues that were brought up by the former slaves. -
15th Amendment
The 15th amendment, which was ratified in the year 1870, contained two sections. One of the sections which stated as follows, "The rights of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of race,color, or previous condition of servitude". The second section granted the United States congress the power to enforcement through legislation. Now, former slaves and also blacks citizens were allowed to vote now. But now that black men were allowed to vote, there would be more controversy. -
Panic of 1873
The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that triggered a huge depression in both Europe and North America. The panic was ont that had lasted until the year of 1879. The Panic of the year 1873 was on which had resulted with weakening of all of the Republican Party and the Democrats party had decided that they were strong enough to have regained the House of Representatives in the year of 1874. The Panic of 1873was a panic, but once it was in order,it helped bring Reconstruction to a formal end. -
Mississippi Plan
The Mississippi Plan was created, planned, and devised by the Democratic Party U.S.. t was passed in the attempt to overthrow and undermine the Republican Party of the United States. Basically what it was was a set of plans which consisted solely of organized threats of violence and suppression or purchase of the black vote that affect the other party. It created terror for black and white Republicans not to vote and ultimately caused the Democrats an easy time and was to result in an easy win. -
The Grandfather Clause
The Grandfather Clause, was a clause that had occurred and was followed in the year from 1898 all the way to the year 1915. It was kind of controversial because it did not treat freeman very nicely . The rule stated that the rule was that if your grandfather was eligible to vote before the year of 1867 then they would would be able to pass on to you. It was passed because none of the freedmen had grandfathers that were able to vote, there for they would not be able to even get a say in anything.
