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Jan 1, 1520
Pedro Ponce de Leon
A Spanish monk developed one of the first manual alphabets while working with deaf students. Read more here Image from http://imagesfrom.us/image/071214b1/ -
Period: Jan 1, 1520 to
Spanish Manual Philosophy
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Jan 1, 1550
Licenciado Lasso
In his publication, A Legal Treatise on Deaf-mutes, Lasso asserted that deaf persons able to speak could not be classified as "dumb" and were, thus, elligible for inheritance. Read more here Image from http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/bookpage/DHCSbookpage.html -
Jan 16, 1550
Geronimo Cardano
An Italian Physician who was one of the first scholars to recognize that learning does not require hearing. In the 1500s, he found that the deaf could be educated by using the written word. He used his methods to teach his own deaf son. Read more here Image from http://www.educ.fc.ul.pt/icm/icm2000/icm25/cardano.htm -
Manuel Ramirez de Carrion
Inventor of speech training for Deaf people. Taught Marquis de Priego at Montilla, Spain. Read more hereRead more here</a> Image from http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/bookpage/DHCSbookpage.html -
Juan Pablo Martin Bonet
Was the first to publish a method for educating the Deaf. This method uses a one-handed manual alphabet system to teach reading and writing to deaf students. Read more here Image from http://www.start-american-sign-language.com/history-of-sign-language.html -
Thomas Braidwood
Established Braidwood's Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, which was the first school for the deaf in Britain. Developed the Braidwoodian method of deaf education. Read more here Image from http://www.secretscotland.org.uk/index.php/Secrets/LennoxCastleHospital -
Period: to
Braidwood school uses total communication-like approach
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Abbe' de l'Épée
Priest who created a School for the Deaf in Paris, France. Developed method for sign language, which served as the foundation for American Sign Language and other world sign languages. Read more here Image from http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=ENF_593_0237 -
Johann Konrad Ammann
Author of "The Speaking Deaf". His ideas were the basis of Samuel Heinicke's development of the German Method. Read more here Image from http://faculty.mdc.edu/jmcnair/EEX%202000/MIlestones.htm -
Samuel Heinicke
Opened the first deaf institution in Leipzig, Germany. Used an oral / aural method of instruction. Read more here Image from http://www.storiadeisordi.it/articolo.asp?ENTRY_ID=1045 -
Period: to
Oral / Aural Philosophy in Germany
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Abbe' Sicard
Priest and Principal of the School for the Deaf in Bordeaux, France. Replaced Abbe' de l'Épée as Principal for the School of Deaf in Paris, France. Invited Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet to visit the Paris school. Read more here Image from http://www.visuf.org/lectHistSicard.php -
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
After working with a deaf neighbor, Gallaudet was inspired to study methods for teaching deaf students in Europe. The Braidwoods were unwilling to share their knowledge; however, Sicard, Clerc, and Massieu invited him to Paris, to learn about manual communication. Read more here Image from http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/Clerc_Center/About_the_Clerc_Center/Laurent_Clerc_The_Man.html -
Laurent Clerc
Attended the School for the Deaf in Paris, and was taught by Abbe' Sicard. Clerc later became a teacher at this school and met Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. Co-founded with Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet the American Asylum for Deaf-Mutes in Hartford, CT, which was the first school for the deaf in North America and was eventually re-named the American School for the Deaf. Read more here Image from http://www.asd-1817.org/page.cfm?p= -
Founding of the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind
Established by an act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1838, the VSDB opened in Staunton, VA, in 1839 and was the first school in the world to integrate deaf and blind students. Read more here
Read more here Image from http://www.aph.org/museum/schools/extant.html -
Edward Miner Gallaudet
The son of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, he helped start the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Blind in Washington, DC, which later became Gallaudet University. Gallaudet University is the world's first institution of higher learning for the Deaf. Read more here Image from http://video.gallaudet.edu/emg.xml -
Alexander Graham Bell
Provided training at the Boston School for Deaf Mutes, the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes in Hartford, CT, and the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, MA. Was a strong supporter of the Aural philosophy, and in 1872 opened a school in Boston, which followed his father's view that the Deaf could be taught to speak. He believed deafness should be eradicated. Read more here Image from http://www.electricscotland.com/history/descendants/chap37.htm -
Conference of Milan
A declaration was made that oral education was better than manual (sign) education. A resolution was passed banning sign language. Read more here Image from: http://mykidentity.com/?p=524 -
R. Orin Cornett
Vice President of Long-Range Planning at then-Gallaudet College (now Gallaudet University, where he developed Cued Speech. View video here Read more here Image from http://www.vinkkipuhe.fi/mita-on-vinkkipuhe.html -
PL 94-142
First passed by Congress in 1975 as the Education of All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142), the IDEA legislation required that all students with disabilities up to age 21 must be provided with free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment and with accommodations. Read more here Image from http://oxfordeagle.com/tag/pl-94-142/ -
Board of Education v. Rowley
Access to an interpreter was denied by the school system because of the student, Amy Rowley, was able to read lips. The first case under IDEA, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that the school was not required to provide an interpreter because she "was achieving educationally, academically, socially without such assistance". [Read more here](www.listen-up.org/dnload4/rowley.pdf) Image from http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2080077.A_Case_About_Amy -
Cochlear Implant development
FDA approves first cochlear implant for marketing Read more here Image from http://www.terptopics.com/HearingAids.htm -
First digital hearing aid
First wearable digital signal processing hearing aid produced Read more here Image from http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/6-5-2006-98336.asp -
Deaf President Now 1
Gallaudet University was shut down by student protesters who refused anything other than a Deaf leader for their institution. As a result I. King Jordan became the first Deaf president of Gallaudet University. Read more here Image from: http://m2hrt.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.html -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Under certain circumstances, the ADA prohibits discrimination based on disability. For Deaf people: ensures interpreting services, access to TDD, and reasonable working accommodations for the deaf and hard of hearing. Read more here Image from: http://aphistory2010.yolasite.com/ch32.php -
No Child Left Behind
With the NCLB, deaf and hard of hearing students and students with disabilities may no longer be excluded from any type of assessment available to students attending mainstream academic programs. Read more here Image from: http://www.rose-hulman.edu/thorn/44/6/no-child-left-behind/ -
IDEA / IDEA-2004
Law which ensures services for students with disabilities. Topics addressed include Evaluation, IEP Development and Team Meeting, Discipline, Highly Qualified, and Instructional Support Services Read more here Image from: http://www.squidoo.com/special_education -
Deaf President Now II
When I. King Jordan steps down, there is unrest at Gallaudet over Jordan’s replacement. Even though she is deaf, students question Jane Fernandes’ ability to lead and her devotion to the Deaf community. Read more here Image from: http://deafness.about.com/b/a/257581.htm
